One Land, Two Peoples

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One Land, Two Peoples

• The Arab-Israeli Conflict

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The size of Israel compared to the state of
California (Israel is approx. the same size as
New Jersey)
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Names you will hear associated with this conflict

• 1. Arabs any member or close descendant of any
  of the Arabic speaking peoples of SW Asia and
  North Africa

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The Arab World
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Arabic alphabet
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• 2. Palestinian an Arab living in the region of
  SW Asia once known as Palestine ( between the
  Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River). Most
  Arabs still call Israel- Palestine.

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• 3. Jew descendant of the Semitic tribes who
  lived in and around ancient Palestine and among
  whom the beliefs and laws of Judaism developed.

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• 4. Hebrew member of one of the Jewish tribes
  of ancient times (Semites). It is the language
  of Judaism and one of the official languages of
  Israel. (Arabic is the other official language)

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Hebrew alphabet
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Coca Colain Hebrew
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McDonalds sign in Israel
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McDonalds Menu in Hebrew
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Make sure you know that

• the Arab- Israeli conflict has dominated the
  politics of SW Asia (Middle East) for over 50
  years.

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Facts about the country of Israel today(2004
World Almanac)

• Population 6.4 million
• Pop density 820 per sq mi
• Area 8,019 sq mi
• Ethnic distribution 80 Jewish 20 Arab and
  other.
• Chief religions 80 Jewish 15 Islam (mostly
  Sunni) 2 Christian

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Roots of the conflict

• Jewish claims
• Arab claims

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1890s Birth of Zionism

• This was an effort started by European Jews in
  the 1800s to create a Jewish homeland in
  Palestine. By the early 1900s, there were
  approx 25,000 Jews living in Palestine. (movement
  was named after Mt. Zion, NE of Jerusalem)

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1900s Arab Nationalism Grows
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1914- 1918 World War I

• British promise to the Arabs
• British promise to the Jews

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1920s- 1930s British Rule(British Mandate)
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1939- 1945 World War II
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1947- 1948 UN Partition Plan
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1948 The First Arab-Israeli War
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Israel gains new land after the first attacks in
1948
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Many Palestinians become REFUGEES
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Refugee camps in the late 1940s
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1950s Israel builds
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1956 The Second Arab-Israeli War
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Israel invadesEgypt- 1956
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Israel pressured to withdraw from Sinai Peninsula
and Canal Zone
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1964 Birth of the PLO

• PLO Palestine Liberation Organization
• Purpose of the PLO

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Long- time PLO leader Yasir Arafat(died Nov.
2004)
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1967 Six Day War
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1973 Yom Kippur War
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PLO Recognition (1974)

• What did Arab govts do?
• What did the United Nations do?

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1977-79 Camp David Accords
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1982- 85 Flawed Peace

• What does self-government mean to the
  Palestinians?
• What does self-government mean to the Israelis?

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PLO splinters into an extremist faction called
Hezbollah- in Lebanon (early 1980s)
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1987 the Intifada is born

• Intifada means

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Palestinian youth fighting in the intifada
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PLO splinters into anotherextremist faction (in
Israel- late 1980s)
Hamas
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Military training is REQUIRED for ALL
Israelismale and female
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1990-91 The Gulf War
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Israelis wearing gas masks during the Persian
Gulf War
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1993-94 Breakthrough
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1994 Jordan joins in

• Israel and Jordan officially end their state of
  war and initiate economic ties.

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Issuespost-1994 (Arab and Jewish extremists
repeatedly challenged the peace process)

• 1995 Israeli Prime Minister Rabin was
  assassinated by a Jewish Extremist

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Islamic militants shake up Israel with a series
of suicide bombings and rocket attacks as Israel
chooses Rabins successor (Shimon Peres)
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• 1997 Israelis agree to allow the city of Hebron
  (in the West Bank) to go under Palestinian
  self-rule

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• 1998- 1999 Israel yields more West Bank
  territory to Palestinians in exchange for
  security guarantees. (violence continues)

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• 2000 Israel withdraws troops from Southern
  parts of Lebanon.

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• 2000 Peace talks between Israeli Prime Minister
  Barak and PLO leader Yasir Arafat fail2nd
  Intifada begins.

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• 2001 new Israeli Prime Minister elected-
• Ariel Sharon
• (a hardliner)

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• 2002 Israel builds a controversial security
  barrier in the West Bank to restrict Palestinian
  access to Israel

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Part of the wall near Jerusalem
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• 2003 President George W. Bush works with
  Israeli and PLO leaders on Road Map for peace.

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• Nov. 2004 PLO leader Yasir Arafat dies.
  Mahmoud Abbas becomes new PLO leader.

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• 2005 Abbas attempts to convince militant groups
  (Hamas and others) to honor a cease-fire between
  Israel and the Palestinians.
• Future of region??????

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