Title: Migration
1Migration
2Migration
- Migration A change in residence that is intended
to be permanent. - Emigration-leaving a country.
- Immigration-entering a country.
Little Haiti, Miami, Florida
3- On average, Americans move once every 6 years.
- US population is the most mobile in the world
with over 5 million moving from 1 state to
another every year. - 35 million move within a state, county or
community each year. - Migration a key factor in the speed of diffusion
of ideas and innovation. - Our perception of distance and direction are
often distorted-thus a sizable of migrants
return to their original home due to these
distorted perceptions.
4Key Factors in Migration
- External Migration-from one country to another
(emigration immigration) - Internal Migration-from one part of a country to
another part - Direction
- Absolute-compass directions
- Relative-Sun Belt, Middle East, Far East, Near
East - Distance
- Absolute distance as the crow flies
- Relative distance-actual distance due to routes
taken such as highways or railroads
5Catalysts of Migration
- Economic conditions-poverty and a desire for
opportunity. - Political conditions-persecution, expulsion, or
war. - Environmental conditions-crop failures, floods,
drought, environmentally induced famine. - Culture and tradition-threatened by change.
- Technology-easier and cheaper transport or change
in livability.
6- Chain migration-migration of people to a specific
location because of relatives or members of the
same nationality already there. - Refugees-those who have been forced to migrate.
- Push-Pull Factors-push factors induce people to
leave. Pull factors encourage people to move to
an area. - Distance decay-contact diminishes with increasing
distance. (both diffusion and migration)
7Internal Migration - Movement within a single
countrys borders (implying a degree of
permanence).
8Voluntary Migration Migrants weigh push and
pull factors to decide first, to emigrate from
the home country and second, where to go.
Distance Decay weighs into the decision to
migrate, leading many migrants to move less far
than they originally contemplate.
9Economic Conditions Migrants will often risk
their lives in hopes of economic opportunities
that will enable them to send money home
(remittances) to their family members who remain
behind.
10Environmental Conditions In Montserrat, a 1995
volcano made the southern half of the island,
including the capital city of Plymouth,
uninhabitable. People who remained migrated to
the north or to the U.S.
11Economic Opportunities Islands of Development
Places within a region or country where foreign
investment, jobs, and infrastructure are
concentrated.
12Economic Opportunities In late 1800s and early
1900s, Chinese migrated throughout Southeast Asia
to work in trade, commerce, and finance.
13- Reconnecting Cultural Groups
- About 700,000 Jews migrated to then-Palestine
between 1900 and 1948. - After 1948, when the land was divided into two
states (Israel and Palestine), 600,000
Palestinian Arabs fled or were pushed out of
newly-designated Israeli territories.
14Jerusalem, Israel Jewish settlements on the West
Bank.
15Ernst Ravensteins Laws of migration1885 he
studied the migration of England
- Most migrants go only a short distance.
- Big cities attract long distance migrants.
- Most migration is step-by-step.
- Most migration is rural to urban
- Each migration flow produces a counterflow.
- Most migrants are adults-families are less likely
to make international moves. - Most international migrants are young males.
16Major Modern Migrations
- Europe to North America South America
- Africa to the Americas (Slave Trade)
- UK to Australia, New Zealand
- India to East Africa, SE Asia
- China to SE Asia
- Eastern US to Western US
- Western Russia to Eastern Russia
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18Trans-Siberian Railway increased migration to the
east.
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21International Migration Movement across
country borders (implying a degree of
permanence).
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23Waves of Immigration-US 1820-2001
- Changing immigration laws, and changing push and
pull factors create waves of immigration.
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