Types of Matter

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Types of Matter
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Categorizing Matter
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Separating

• Mixtures
• A mixture (heterogeneous or homogeneous) can be
  separated by physical means (using physical
  changes).
• Compounds
• Compounds can be separated into their constituent
  elements only by chemical means (using chemical
  changes).

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Types of Mixtures

• Heterogeneous mixtures
• Two or more materials, physically combined
• Not uniform throughout
• Evidence of different parts
• Different phases (ex solid liquid)
• Ex plastic bottle in lake
• Ex sand and salt
• Ex ice in glass of water
• Ex a pizza

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Types of Mixtures

• Homogeneous mixtures
• Two or more materials, physically combined
• Uniform properties throughout
• Appears as if it is one material
• One phase (or state)
• Examples
• Ex salt dissolved in water
• Ex air
• Ex alloy (brass)

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Homogeneous Mixtures(solutions)

• Solvent
• The substance in which the other material
  dissolves generally in the greater proportion
• It acts to dissolve the other
• Solute
• The substance which is dissolved generally in
  the smaller proportion

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Solute Solvent Examples

• Sugar dissolved in water
• Sugar solute water solvent
• Oxygen dissolved in nitrogen
• Oxygen solute nitrogen solvent
• Instant tea dissolved in hot water
• Tea solute water solvent

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Pure Substances

• Elements
• Composed of only one kind of atom
• Examples.. H, O, Ne, Al, etc..
• Compounds
• Composed of two or more kinds of atoms
• chemically bonded in definite proportions
• Examples H2O, C12H22O11

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Elements and the Periodic Table

• Color on the periodic table
• Red gas
• Black solid
• Blue liquid
• Outline man made
• Columns and Rows
• Columns are called groups/families.
• Rows are called periods.

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Periodic Table
6 C Carbon 12.011

• Boxes
• Atomic
• Symbol
• Name
• Atomic Mass
• 3 Types of Elements
• Metals Left side of the periodic table
• Metalloids Touching the stair-step
• Nonmetals Right side of the periodic table

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Groups/Families

• Main Element Families (A columns)
• Alkali Metals 1st column
• Alkaline Metals 2nd column
• Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Families 3rd
  -6th columns
• Halogen Gases 7th column
• Noble Gases 8th column
• Transition Metals between columns 2 3
• Rare Earth Elements bottom 2 rows

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Element Names Symbols

• Some names have single capital letters as their
  symbol
• Most have capital followed by a lower case letter

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Compounds

• Unlike elements, compounds can be broken down
  into simpler substances.
• The properties of the elements that make up a
  compound are quite different than the compound
  itself.
• Chlorine yellow-green gas that is poisonous.
• Sodium a silvery metal that explodes if placed
  in water.

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Compounds

• Most compounds are made of molecules.
• A molecule is made of two or more atoms
  chemically bonded together. A molecule is the
  smallest particle of a compound.
• Compounds are written out in a shorthand by a
  chemical formula.
• Chemical formula tells what kind of atoms are
  present and how many.
• C12H22O11
• 12 atoms of Carbon
• 22 atoms of Hydrogen
• 11 atoms of Oxygen

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Compounds

• Lets Count!!
• H2O
• CO2
• CO
• NaCl
• KI
• CaCO3

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Elements Compounds Mixtures
Made up of only one kind of atom. Made up of more than one kind of atom. Made up of more than one kind of molecule.
Cannot be broken down by chemical means. Can be broken down by chemical means. Can be separated by physical means.
Has same properties as atoms making it up. Has different properties from elements making it up. Has same properties as substances making it up.
Has same properties throughout. Has same properties throughout. Has different properties throughout.