Types of Matter

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Chapter 3

• Types of Matter

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4 Types of Matter
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Heterogeneous vs Homogeneous

• Heterogeneous matter has more than one phase (it
  is not uniform throughout).
• Homogeneous matter has only one phase (it is
  uniform throughout).

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Make Your Choice
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Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?
Ice Water
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Is the matter heterogeneous?
If yes. It is a Heterogeneous Mixtures
What if the matter is not heterogeneous?
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It is then homogenous and is either an element,
compound or solution.
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Homogeneous Materials
Elements
Compounds
Solutions
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If the matter is homogenous it may be a pure
substance or a mixture.

• AskCan the composition vary?

Can the composition of water vary?
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Can the Composition Vary?
Water?
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If the composition can vary you have a
homogeneous mixture (solution).

• All mixtures are made of 2 or more pure
  substances and can be separated by some physical
  method.
• Example saltwater. The salt can be separated
  from the water by evaporating the water. However
  they are still the same substances with the same
  properties.
• If the mixture is homogeneous then the mixture is
  a solution.

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Mixtures are a physical combination of substances
(elements and compounds).
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If the composition can vary you have a
homogeneous mixture (solution).

• A homogeneous mixture is a solution.

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Homogeneous Mixtures (Solutions)
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An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of metals.

• Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
• The proportions of zinc and copper can be varied
  to create a range of brasses with varying
  properties.

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Solutions
Solutions contain a solute and a solvent.
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Solute and Solvent

• The solvent is the material that the solute is
  dissolved into. It is the major component of the
  solution.
• The solute is what gets dissolved into the
  solvent. It is any minor component(s).

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Pure Substance

• In pure substances all the particles that make up
  the matter are the same, as a result the matter
  has constant properties and the composition
  cannot vary.
• Example All pure water is a clear colorless
  substance that freezes at 0?C and boils at 100?C.
• Pure substances can be classified as
  elements or compounds.
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Elements
Bromine
Arsenic
Neon
Copper
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Elements

• Elements cannot be broken down into a simpler
  substance because they are made of only 1 kind of
  atom. (gold, oxygen, mercury).
• Elements can be found on the periodic table.
• Elements can exist as atoms or molecules.

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Elements

• Combinations of two or more of the same chemical
  elements are not considered as compounds. For
  example, diatomic molecules like O2, H2, N2 or
  polyatomic molecules like P4 are not considered
  as compounds.

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Compounds
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
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Compounds

• Compounds contain 2 or more different elements in
  a fixed proportion.
• Compounds are identified with exact chemical
  formulas.
• Examples CO2, H2O, NaCl C12H22O11.
• Compounds can be separated chemically.

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Compounds are a chemical combination of elements.
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Mixtures vs. Compounds

• A mixture of iron and sulfur.

• Iron pyrite (FeS2)

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Homework

• Worksheet Classification of Matter.