2nd Semester Review

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2nd Semester Review
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• What are the 3 main processes in the Water Cycle?

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• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Precipitation

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• What causes the seasons?

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• Tilt of Earths axis

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2 Pointer!!!

• What is the distribution of Earths water from
  greatest to least? (5)

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• Salt water
• Frozen ice
• Groundwater
• Surface water
• Water vapor

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• Where does the Earth receive the most direct
  sunlight? The least?

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• Most Equator
• Least Poles

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• Is Earths water steadily increasing, decreasing,
  or staying in balance?

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• Earths water stays in balance

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• When an object spins on an axis its called what?

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• Rotation

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• Why does Earths water stay in balance?
• (Think of two processes in the water cycle)

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• The rate of evaporation is equal to rate of
  precipitation.

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• When one object moves around another object it is
  called what?

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• Revolution

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• What process takes place when liquid water
  absorbs enough energy to change into water vapor?

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• Evaporation

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• What makes the Earth have day and night?

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• Rotation on its axis

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• What process happens when water vapor cools and
  changes to liquid water?

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• Condensation

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• Why does the moon appear to go through phases?

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• Because of the changing positions of the Sun,
  Moon, and Earth

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• What is the process where four forms of water
  fall from clouds to Earths surface?

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• Precipitation

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• What does waxing mean?

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• To get bigger

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• Why does the oceans salinity stay about the
  same? (Think of two processes in the water cycle)

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• The rate of evaporation is equal to rate of
  precipitation.

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• What does waning mean?

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• To get smaller

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• As you descend into the ocean, what happens to
  temperature?

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• It decreases

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• As you descend into the ocean, what happens to
  light?

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• It decreases

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• As you descend into the ocean, what happens to
  pressure?

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• It Increases

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• As you descend into the ocean, what happens to
  density?

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• It increases

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What is the Phase?
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• Full Moon

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What is the Phase?
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• Waning Crescent

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What is the Phase?
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• Waxing Gibbous

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What is the Phase?
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• First Quarter

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What is the Phase?
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• Waning Gibbous

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What is the Phase?
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• Waxing Crescent

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What is the Phase?
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• Third Quarter

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(No Transcript)
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• Abyssal Plain

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(No Transcript)
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• Continental Shelf

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(No Transcript)
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• Continental Slope

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• How do scientists think the moon formed?

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• Impact theory

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• What causes waves?

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• Wind

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• What are the positions of the sun, earth and moon
  during a lunar eclipse?

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• S-E-M

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• What causes surface currents?

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• Wind

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• What are the positions of the sun, moon, and
  earth during a solar eclipse?

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• S-M-E

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• What causes deep ocean currents? (2)

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• Caused by differences in density and the Coriolis
  effect

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• An earth centered solar system is called what?

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• Geocentric system

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2 Pointer!!!

• How do surface currents (ex. Gulf Stream,
  California Current, EAC) affect coastal climates?

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• They warm or cool the air above it affecting
  temperatures and the climate.

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• A sun centered solar system is called what?

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• Heliocentric system

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• What causes tides?

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• Caused by the interaction of the Earth, moon, and
  sun (gravity).

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• Which solar system theory did Galileo support?

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• Heliocentric

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• About how often does each high tide occur?

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• About every 12 hours.

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• Give one piece of evidence that Galileo used to
  support the heliocentric system? (2)

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• Venus going through phases like moon and the
  moons revolving around Jupiter

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• What type of tide is this?

Sun
Earth
M
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• Spring Tide.

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• What type of tide is this?

M
Sun
Earth
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• Neap Tide.

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• What are the twelve main objects/areas in our
  solar system starting and including the sun?

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• Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Asteroid belt,
  Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto (dwarf),
  Kuiper Belt

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• What type of orbit do most objects in space have?

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• Elliptical

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• What are the gases and percentages that make up
  air? (3)

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• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Water Vapor, other

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• What are the percentages of the 3 main gases in
  the atmosphere?

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• Nitrogen 78,
• Oxygen 21,
• other 1

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• As altitude increases, air pressure and air
  density do what?

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• Decreases

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• Which astronomer discovered that objects in space
  have an elliptical orbit?

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• Kepler

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• What causes local winds?

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• Caused by the unequal heating of Earths surface

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• What two forces help to keep objects like the
  Earth in orbit around the sun?

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• Gravity and Inertia

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What type of Breeze is this?
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• Sea Breeze

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• What causes a Sea Breeze?

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• Daytime cooler air moves from sea to replace
  warmer air on land

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• Which astronomer explained inertia and gravity?

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• Newton

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What type of Breeze is this?
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• Land Breeze

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• What causes a land breeze?

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• Nighttime - Cold air moves from land to replace
  warm air at sea

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• What most likely originates in the Kuiper belt or
  Oort cloud region and orbits around the sun?

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• Comets

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2 Pointer!!!

• What causes land and sea breezes?

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• Differences in pressure, due to unequal heating
  of land vs. water

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• What objects orbit between Mars and Jupiter?

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• Asteroids

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• What causes global winds?

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• Unequal heating - because of the angle of the
  sunlight hitting the Earth (more direct at the
  equator, more spread out at the poles)

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• What is a small object that orbits near the
  earth?

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• Meteoroid

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• Why do Global winds curve?

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• Coriolis effect (Earths rotation)

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• What is a small object that enters earths
  atmosphere called?

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• Meteor

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• What heats and cools faster (land or water)?

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• Land

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• What is a small object that comes from space and
  hits earths surface?

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• Meteorite

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• How do clouds form?

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• Warm moist air rises until it cools (reaches the
  dew point) and condenses.

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• What are the three types of galaxies?

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• Spiral
• Elliptical
• Irregular

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• What are the three major types of clouds?

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• Cumulus fluffy, puffy
• Stratus low, layered, gray
• Cirrus feathery, wispy

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• What is the most accepted theory that explains
  the origins of our Universe?

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• Big Bang Theory

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• What type of clouds produce thunderstorms?

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• Cumulonimbus clouds.

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• What is a measure of how much water vapor is in
  the air?

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• Humidity?

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• What is the name of the galaxy where our solar
  system can be found?

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• Milky Way

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• On a cold day, when you see your breath, which
  part of the water cycle are you demonstrating?

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• Condensation
• (your own cloud formation)

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2 Pointer!!!

• What are the four main types of air masses that
  affect the United States?

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• Maritime polar humid, cold
• Maritime tropical humid, warm
• Continental polar dry, cold
• Continental tropical dry, warm

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• Which type of air is denser, warm or cold?

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• Cold

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• Which type of air has more pressure, warm or
  cold?

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• Cold

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• Which type of air can hold more humidity, warm or
  cold?

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• Warm

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• When a rapidly moving cold air mass runs into a
  slowly moving warm air mass, what type of front
  is formed?

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• Cold Front

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• What type of front happens when a moving warm air
  mass collides with a slowly moving cold air mass?
  

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• Warm front

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• Sometimes cold and warm air masses meet, but
  neither one has enough force to move the other.
  What type of front is this?

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• Stationary front

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• What type of front is created when a warm air
  mass is caught between two cooler air masses?

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• Occluded front

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• What does this symbol represent?

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• Occluded front

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• What does this symbol represent?

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• Cold front

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• What does this symbol represent?

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• Stationary front

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• What does this symbol represent?

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• Warm front

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• What are lines on a map with the same air
  pressure?

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• Isobar?

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• What are lines on a map joining places with the
  same temperature?

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• Isotherms?

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• What natural disaster begins over water, as a
  low-pressure area gains strength from the warm,
  moist air evaporating from the ocean?

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• Hurricane

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• How do hurricanes become weaker? (2)

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• A hurricane weakens as it moves across land or
  cold water.

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• In general, what direction does weather move
  across the United States?

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• West to the East.

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• What meteorological instrument measures
  temperature?

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• Thermometer

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• What meteorological instrument measures air
  pressure?

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• Barometer

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• What are the two factors that determine climate?

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• Temperature and precipitation

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• How do weather and climate differ?

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• Climate is the conditions over a long period
  (year after year) weather is the daily
  conditions at a particular time and place