SWBAT:

1
Chapter 15Cholesterol Steroid Hormones

• SWBAT
• Describe the structure of steroids

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General Structure

• Steroidnucleus
• Three cyclohexane rings A,B,C
• One cyclopentane ring D

3
Types of Steroids

• Cholesterol
• Lipoproteins
• Steroid Hormones
• Anabolic Steroids

4
Cholesterol

• Most abundant steroid in the body

• Why does it have the ending ol?

5
Facts about Cholesterol

• its part of every cell membrane
• insulates nerve and brain tissue
• forms bile for digestion
• forms Vitamin D in skin

• starting material for steroid hormones sex
  hormones, cortisone
• leads to heart attacks

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Lipid Metabolism

• Cholesterol is so important that the body does
  not rely on what you eat.
• It manufactures 80 of the cholesterol needed

• Serum Cholesterol Levels in your body can be
  measured via blood tests Lipid Panels

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Lipid Panels
What health care professional look for

• Total Cholesterol
• HDL High density Cholesterol good
• LDL Low density Cholesterol bad

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Why?

• Lowering Cholesterol Levels is a business.

Food industry fat free/cholesterol free
items lean meats low fat dairy hunt against
saturated fats Pharmaceutical industry statin
drugs HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
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LIPITOR

• The most widely used drug in the world
• Pharmaceutical drug lowering cholesterol levels

• Reaps 26 billion in sales per year worldwide
• Side effects range from diabetes, to cancer

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Cholesterol Levels

• Cholesterol levels show individual variations due
  to
• Genetics
• Age

• General health cholesterol is an
  anti-inflammatory, anti-stress substance, it can
  rise due to reasons ranging from stress, lack of
  sleep, drugs and chronic diseases (diabetes)
• Diet Plant based diets are correlated with lower
  cholesterol levels

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Cholesterol in Food

• Egg 250 mg
• Crab/Shrimp 150 mg
• Beef 85 mg
• White chicken 75 mg
• Fish 40 mg

• All animal based food contain cholesterol
• All plant based foods contain no cholesterol

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Cholesterol and CAD

• Artheriosclerosis is the main cause of CAD
• It is caused by plaque that clog arteries
• Plaque are cholesterol deposits

Q What makes cholesterol form plaque? A
Inflammation
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Transporting Fats in Blood

• Lipids are insoluble in the blood (water)
• Lipids are transported from spherical vesicles
  called Lipoproteins

• Skin Phospholipids, Proteins
• Inside Cholesterol, Triglycerides

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Steroid Hormones

• Sex Hormones
• Estrogen development of female sex
  characteristics

• Testosterone development of male sex
  characteristics including muscle anabolism
• Progesterone prepares uterus for fertilized egg

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Steroid Hormones

• Corticosteroids
• Steroid Hormones produced by the adrenal glands

• Natural Cortisone
• Drug Prednisone
• Helps with
• stress response
• immune response
• regulation of inflammation

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Anabolic Steroids

• Synthetic Testosterone derivatives
• Promote muscle growth, reduce body fat

• Short term side effects broken bones, ruptured
  tendons, kidney pain
• Long term use lead to kidney, heart, liver damage
• Legal steroid Tren

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Homework

• Chapter 15.6
• Pg 522
• 15.44 15.54 (even)