1
Winning (success) takes work!

• The will to win is not nearly as important as
  the will to prepare to
• win.
• -Bobby Knight

2
Diseases of SI

• Often involves impairment of absorptive surface
  of SI (what is that?)
• Acute Diarrheaone of the most commonly seen
  types of diarrhea
• Causes(often accompanies acute gastritis)
• Diet change
• Stressful situations
• Drug therapy
• Signs
• Acute onset of diarrhea
• vomiting
• Normal appearance otherwise
• Dx
• Fecal to r/o parasites
• CBC (dehydration), Chem panel to r/o metabolic
  diseases

3
Acute Diarrhea

• Rx
• Fluids for dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
  (SQ, IV, PO)
• NPO x 24 h water OK if no vomiting
• Intestinal absorbants/coating agents
• Loperamideopiod receptor inhibitor that slows
  gut motility
• Antibiotics (?)
• Bland diet after 24 h
• Hills I/D
• Boiled chicken/rice

4
Parasite Diarrhea

• Signs
• Diarrhea
• Wt loss
• Poor hair coat
• Listlessness
• Dx
• Fecal exam
• Tx
• Anthelmintics for parasites Fenbendazole/pyrantel
  
• Antiprotozoal medication for Giardia, Coccidia

5
Giardia
6
Viral Diarrhea

• Parvovirus
• Canine distemper virus
• Coronavirus
• Feline panleukopenia virus

7
Parvovirus

• Seen mainly in young, unvaccinated puppies
• Signs
• Diarrhea, usually with blood
• Vomiting
• Febrile
• Anorexia, depression
• DxELISA (enzyme-linked
• immunosorbent assay) test
• Rx
• IV fluids
• Antidiarrheal therapy
• Antibiotics (Gram neg)
• Keep warm

8
Parvovirus (coyote)
9
Parvovirus

• Client info
• Sick animals will infect other unprotected
  animals
• Parvo can be fatal
• Vaccinate for protection

10
Diseases of LI

• Function is to reabsorb water, electrolytes
  store feces
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
• Signs
• Diarrhea with wt loss
• ? frequency of defecations, ? volume
• Tenesmus
• ? mucus
• Dx
• Fecal to r/o parasites
• Chem panel to r/o metabolic causes
• Biopsy of LI wall
• ? lymphocytes and plasma cells

11
Inflammatory Bowel Disease

• Rx
• Sulfasalazinea sulfa drug with anti-inflammatory
  effects
• Most effective against colitis
• Prednisone
• Metronidazole, Tylosin
• Mesalaminea metabolite of Sulfasalazine in LI
  (actions unknown)
• Hypoallergenic diet
• Hills d/d, z/d, i/d
• Homemade diets
• Client info
• Treatment is often prolonged
• Goal of Rx is to control symptoms, not cure
  disease
• Animals with IBD need to be taken outside
  frequently for BMs

12
Intussusception

• Cause usually unknown can result from parasites,
  FB, infection, neoplasia
• Signs
• Vom/diarrhea with or without blood
• Anorexia, depression
• Dx
• Palpation of sausage-like mass in cranial abdomen
• Rx
• Surgical reduction/resection of necrotic bowel
• Restore fluid/electrolyte balance
• Restrict solid food x 24 h after Sx then bland
  diet
• x 10-24 d
• Client info
• Recurrence is infrequent
• Px depends on amt of bowel removed
• Puppies should be treated for parasites to
  prevent intussusception

13
Intussuception
14
Megacolon

• Uncommon in dogs, more common in cats (mostly
  idiopathic)
• Associated with Obstipation (intestinal
  obstruction, severe constipation)
• Signs
• Straining to defecate
• Must be distinguished from straining to urinate
  in male cats
• vomiting
• Weakness, dehydration, anorexia
• Small, hard feces or liquid feces
• With or without blood, mucus

Greater than length of lumbar vertebrae
15
Megacolon

• Dx
• Palpation of distended colon filled with hard,
  dry feces
• Radiographs show colon full of feces
• Rectal palpation assures adequate pelvic opening
• Rx
• Warm water enema
• Animals can become hypothermic
• Manual removal under anesthesia
• Mucosal surface is delicate
• Client info
• Encourage water intake
• Salt food
• Always provide adequate supply
• High-fiber diet