English Grammar

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English Grammar

• Word Classes

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Eight Word Classes
Nouns
Determiners
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
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Word that names
Noun

• A Person

• A Place

• A Thing

• An Idea

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Kinds of Nouns
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The Verb
A word that expresses action or otherwise helps
to make a statement
be verbs taste feel sound look appear become s
eem grow remain stay
Action
Subject
Linking
predicate
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Most sentences have
VERB

• a

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Kinds of Verbs

• Action verbs express mental or physical action.

• Linking/complement verbs make a statement by
  connecting the subject with a word that
  describes or explains it.

He rode the horse to victory.
He has been sick.
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The Pronoun
The pronoun is a word used in place of one or
more nouns. It may stand for a person, place,
thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someo
ne, one, etc.
Determiner or Demonstrative Pronouns this that the
se those
Personal Pronouns I, me, mine you, your,
yours she, her, hers, it, its we,us, our,
ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself
Interrogative Pronouns who whom what which whose
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The Adjective
Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
Answers these questions
Did you lose your address book?
Which?
Is that a wool sweater?
What kind?
Just give me five minutes.
How many?
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The Adverb
Modifies a verb, an adjective, another
adverb, or a sentence.
Answers the questions
How?
He ran quickly.
When?
She left yesterday.
We went there.
Where?
It was too hot!
To what degree or how much?
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Kinds of Adverbs
Interrogative Adverbs introduce questions
How did you break your leg?
How?
When does your plane leave?
When?
How often do you run?
How often?
Where?
Where did you put the mouse trap?
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Kinds of Adverbs
Sentence Adverbs
modify the whole sentence.
Besides youve eaten too much already.
However this is a local train and will take
forever.
Frankly, my dear, I dont give a damn.
Unfortunately there was no cheese in the
mousetrap.
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The Preposition
A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a
phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a
noun. The word or word group that
the preposition introduces is its object.
They received a postcard from Bobby telling
about his trip to Canada.
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The preposition never stands alone!
noun
object of preposition
preposition
pronoun
object
preposition
You can press those leaves under glass.
can have more than one object
Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news.
object can have modifiers
It happened during the last examination.
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Some Common Prepositions
behind below beneath beside between beyond by down
during except for
from in into like of off on over past since throug
h
throughout to toward under underneath until up up
on with within without
aboard about above across after against
along among around at before
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The conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words or
clauses. The coordinating conjunctions are...
or
and
neither/nor
either/or
but
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The conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words or
clauses. Coordinating Conjunctions
Mummy and Daddy
Hot or cold
Jamey worked hard this year and passed all the
tests.
Sam had a bad cold but still went to the social.
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The conjunction
The subordinating conjunction joins
the independent clause and the dependent clause.
because
if
unless
although
so that
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The conjunction
The subordinating conjunction joins
the independent clause and the dependent clause.
I brought an umbrella today because it was
raining.
Jay passed the driving test although he only had
five lessons.
Unless you work hard, you will not achieve your
predicted grade.
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Determiners
introduce noun phrases, expressing such ideas as
number and generally referencing the noun.
Eg the some this that those these five any
This happy couple!
The family admire the new baby.
One glorious sunset
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Determiners
can also be pronouns.
Eg your his my our their mine ours
Put your bag on the floor, please.
I cant find my house keys.
Thats mine. This is yours!
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The interjection
is an exclamatory word that expresses emotion
Goodness! What a cute baby!
Wow! Look at that sunset!
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Thats all for now. . .

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