Matter, Solutions, and Gas Laws - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Matter, Solutions, and Gas Laws

Description:

Matter, Solutions, and Gas Laws – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:93
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 24
Provided by: Sheil105
Learn more at: http://images.pcmac.org
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Matter, Solutions, and Gas Laws


1
Matter, Solutions, and Gas Laws
2
Georgia Performance Standards
  • SPS2. Students will explore the nature of matter,
    its classifications, and its system for naming
    types of matter.
  • a. Calculate density when given a means to
    determine a substances mass and volume.
  • SPS5a. Compare and contrast the atomic/molecular
    motion of solids, liquids, gases and plasmas.
  • SPS7d. Explain the flow of energy in phase
    changes through the use of a phase diagram.

3
Properties of Matter
  • Physical Property- a characteristic of a material
    that you can observe without changing its
    identity.
  • Ex.- Color, ____________, __________, magnetic
    quality, malleability, ability to flow, odor,
    state of matter, density, melting point

4
Density
  • The amount of mass per unit volume
  • Density mass/volume
  • Explain why the density of an object does not
    change if you cut it into smaller pieces. IF YOU
    CUT A PIECE OF STEEL IN HALF, THE MASS IS CUT IN
    HALF, AND THE VOLUME IS CUT IN HALF
  • Example 20 grams of steel cut in half is 10
    grams (mass) and the volume is cut in half from 5
    cubic centimeters to 2.5 cubic centimeters.
  • mass/volume mass/ volume
  • 20g / 5 cm3 4 g/ cm3 or 10/ 2.5 cm3
    4 g/ cm3
  • SAME DENSITY!!!
  • DENSITY OF AN MATERIAL NEVER CHANGES... NO MATTER
    HOW BIG OR SMALL!!

5
What are the physical properties of these items?
6
  • During a Physical Change the internal makeup of a
    substance ____________ change.
  • Ex.- Freezing, Melting, Boiling, condensing,
    cutting into , distillation.

7
Distillation
  • physical change
  • The process of
  • separating a mixture
  • by its boiling points
  • Examples
  • Making alcohol, separating petroleum, or salt
    water

8
Petroleum Fractional Distillation
Oil was formed from the remains of animals and
plants that lived millions of years ago.  Over
the years, the remains were covered by layers of
mud.  Heat and pressure from these layers helped
the remains turn into what we today call crude
oil .  The word "petroleum" means "rock oil" or
"oil from the earth."
Other products made from petroleum include ink,
crayons, bubble gum, dishwashing liquids,
deodorant, eyeglasses, records, tires, ammonia,
and heart valves.
9
Other materials made from petroleum
  • Solvents Diesel Motor Oil Bearing Grease Ink
    Floor Wax Ballpoint Pens Football Cleats
    Upholstery Sweaters Boats Insecticides Bicycle
    Tires Sports Car Bodies Nail Polish Fishing lures
    Dresses Tires Golf Bags Perfumes Cassettes
    Dishwasher Tool Boxes Shoe Polish Motorcycle
    Helmet Caulking Petroleum Jelly Transparent Tape
    CD Player Faucet Washers Antiseptics Clothesline
    Curtains Food Preservatives Basketballs Soap
    Vitamin Capsules Antihistamines Purses Shoes
    Dashboards Cortisone Deodorant Footballs Putty
    Dyes Panty Hose Refrigerant Percolators Life
    Jackets Rubbing Alcohol Linings Skis TV Cabinets
    Shag Rugs Electrician's Tape Tool Racks Car
    Battery Cases Epoxy Paint Mops Slacks Insect
    Repellent Oil Filters Umbrellas Yarn Fertilizers
    Hair Coloring Roofing Toilet Seats Fishing Rods
    Lipstick Denture Adhesive Linoleum Ice Cube Trays
    Synthetic Rubber Speakers Plastic Wood Electric
    Blankets Glycerin Tennis Rackets Rubber Cement
    Fishing Boots Dice Nylon Rope Candles Trash Bags
    House Paint Water Pipes Hand Lotion Roller Skates
    Surf Boards Shampoo Wheels Paint Rollers Shower
    Curtains Guitar Strings Luggage Aspirin Safety
    Glasses Antifreeze Football Helmets Awnings
    Eyeglasses Clothes Toothbrushes Ice Chests
    Footballs Combs CD's Paint Brushes Detergents
    Vaporizers Balloons Sun Glasses Tents Heart
    Valves Crayons Parachutes Telephones Enamel
    Pillows Dishes Cameras Anesthetics Artificial
    Turf Artificial limbs Bandages Dentures Model
    Cars Folding Doors Hair Curlers Cold cream Movie
    film Soft Contact lenses Drinking Cups Fan Belts
    Car Enamel Shaving Cream Ammonia Refrigerators
    Golf Balls Toothpaste Gasoline

10
Properties of Matter
  • Chemical Property-- describes its "potential" to
    undergo some chemical change or reaction because
    of its composition
  • Chemical properties can only be observed by
    changing a substance's identity. Flammability,
    Reactivity, etc
  • Once a chemical change has occurred a NEW
    SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES is/are produced with
    totally new physical and chemical
    characteristics.

11
Examples of Chemical Changes
12
Chemical Changes

  • Soft, silver metal
  • Reacts violently
  • with water
  • Green gas
  • toxic
  • Love it on French
  • fries
  • Need it to live

13
Conservation of Mass
  • During a chemical reaction, energy is taken in or
    given off
  • The Law of Conservation of Mass states mass is
    neither created or destroyed.
  • The mass of the reactant(s) is equal to the mass
    of the products(s).

reactants
products
14
Composition of MatterPure Substances and Mixture
  • Pure Substances Elements and Compounds
  • A. Elements all atoms in the substance are
    alike
  • 90 elements found in nature
  • 20 made in laboratories
  • Atom is the smallest particle of an element that
    still retains the characteristics of that element
  • Examples copper, gold, hydrogen, carbon
  • (anything on the periodic table)

15
  • Compounds consisting of two or more elements
    bonded together (chemically combined) in a fixed
    mass ratio that can be split into simpler
    substances.
  • Examples water (H20), carbon dioxide (CO2),
    sugar (C6H1206), hydrochloric acid (HCl),
  • salt (NaCl)
  • Molecule -- the smallest particle of a compound
    that still retains the characteristics of that
    compound

16
  • Mixtures
  • 2 or more materials mixed together BUT NOT
    CHEMICALLY combined, they still retain their own
    chemical makeup.
  • Unlike compounds, mixtures do not always
  • contain substances in fixed proportions.

17
Heterogeneous mixtures
18
Heterogeneous Mixtures
  • 2. Suspension-- mixture between liquids or
    liquids/solids that will settle out upon
    standing.
  • Examples Italian dressing, pond water, oil and
    vinegar

19
Homogeneous Mixtures
  • 1. Solution-- A mixture where one material is
    _______________ in another
  • the dissolved particles are so small you cant
    see them
  • Parts of a solution
  • A. ___________ the particles dissolved
  • in the solution
  • Examples sugar, Koolaid mix, salt
  • B. __________ the substance in a
  • solution in which the particles
  • dissolve
  • Usually water

20
An Alloy is a Solution
  • Alloy-- a solution of two or more elements,
    usually metal and metal.
  • brass zinc and copper
  • stainless steel copper, nickel and iron
  • Pewter lead, copper, tin
  • White gold nickel, palladium and gold
  • Rose gold copper and gold
  • Bronze aluminum and copper

What are 3 reasons we make alloys?
21
Homogeneous Mixture
  • 2. Colloid A homogeneous mixture that contains
    some particles that are larger in size, but still
    evenly distributed throughout
  • Does not settle upon standing
  • Tyndall Effect scattering of light due to larger
    particles causes milky/cloudy color in colloids
  • Example milk, fog, peanut butter, butter,
    mayonnaise, yogurt

22
Gas Laws
  • Charles Law
  • STATESAs ___________ goes up, __________ goes up
    (if pressure stays same)
  • Remember CTV
  • Volume is directly proportional to temperature
  • Example basketball in the summer vs. basketball
    in the winter

23
Gas Laws
  • Boyles Law
  • STATES..If the ___________ goes down, then the
    ___________ will go up (if the temperature stays
    constant)
  • Remember BVP
  • Pressure is indirectly proportional to volume

Larger volume, less pressure
smaller volume, pressure goes up
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com