The Lymph System

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Chapter 22

• The Lymph System

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Lymphatic System
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Lymphangiogram
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Lymphatic words

• Lymphangiogram
• Lacteals vessels around small intestines
• Chyle lymph fluid around small intestines with
  fat globules in it.
• Thoracic duct
• Right lymphatic duct
• Cisterna chyle-
• Nodes

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Lymphatic organs

• Nodes
• Spleen
• Thymus
• Tonsils
• Peyers patches patches of lymph tissue along
  the wall of the ileum
• Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

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Structure of spleen
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Development of lymph
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Invaders

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Foreign objects
• Cancer cells

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Non-Specific Resistance

• Skin and mucous membranes
• Tears, sweat, oil, urine, vomiting, saliva, etc.
• Sebum, lysozymes, gastric acid.
• Interferon blocks viral implantation
• Complement - proteins
• Transferrins reduce iron available to bacteria
• N-K cells and Phagocytes
• Inflammation
• Fever
• Perforins poke holes in cells
• Cytokines protein chemical messengers

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Edward Jenner

• Created the first
• Immunization
• The disease smallpox

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Specific ResistanceLymphocytes

• Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity via T-Cells.
  Attack fungi, parasites, viruses, cancer cells
  and foreign tissue
• Humoral defense (antibody mediated) with B-cells.
  B-cells become plasma cells, leave the nodes and
  produce antibodies (Igs). Attack bacteria and
  viruses.
• Both systems have memory cells

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Antibodies
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Antibodies

• IgG attacks bacteria and viruses triggers
  complement.
• IgA localized protection against bacteria and
  viruses.
• IgM Activates complement, causes agglutination
  and lysis, works in ABO.
• IgD involved in activation of B cells
• IgE involved in allergic and hypersensitivity,
  also protection against worms.

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Lymph Diseases
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AIDS / HIV

• Origin of infection in the U.S.
• Method of viral attack
• Retroviruses
• Delayed symptoms
• Where did the virus come from?
• Who is at risk?
• Treatment / cure???
• Are there other viruses?

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Words to Learn

• Eczema
• Immunization
• Septic shock
• Systemic lupus
• Hypersensitivity
• Anaphylactic reaction
• Autoimmune disease

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More Words

• Lymphoma and Hodgkins
• Allograft
• Autograft
• Gamma globulin
• Lymphadenopathy
• Splenomegaly
• Xenograft
• Interleukin
• Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)