???????????? ????

1
????????????????????

• 2005?1?21?
• ?? ??

2
??

• OS(Kernel)?????? RedHat????
• /etc/inittab
• /etc/rc.d/ ???????
• ????????????
• network
• portmap
• syslog

3
Linux??????
4
Linux??????
5
???????

• ???????????????????????????.
• ???,Kernel??????????????????????.

6
???????
??

• ??????????
• ?????
• ??????
• ??????

7
????????????

• ?????????????.
• ??????????.
• ????,????????
• ?????????????????????????.

8
init?????????

• Linux(Unix)?????????init??,???????????????????????
  ???????.
• ???????????? ????(daemon) ?Linux????.
• ?????????????????,???????????????????.
• ? ?????????????

9
???????
??(os2??)

• ?????????????????,??????????????????????.
• Linux?????2??????????????.
• ????0 Swapper, ????????????,????????????????.
• ????1 Init ??????????????????

10
??????????
??(os2??)

• ????0
• main.c ? 1355???????
• sched.c ? 97??????1?????????.
• ????1
• main.c ?1441?????????.
• ???,1601??
• 1474??do_basic_setup ????,kflushd, kupdate,
  kpiod, kswapd?,????????????????????,1536?????.

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME
CMD root 1 0 0 Aug27 ?
000005 init root 2 1 0 Aug27 ?
000000 kflushd root 3 1 0
Aug27 ? 000001 kupdate root 4
1 0 Aug27 ? 000000 kpiod root
5 1 0 Aug27 ? 000004 kswapd
11
/etc/inittab

• ???? init ???????????????????????.

inittab This file describes how the INIT
process should set up the system
in a certain run-level. ?? id3initdefault
System initialization. sisysinit/etc/rc.d/rc.sy
sinit l00wait/etc/rc.d/rc 0 ???
12
runlevel

• OS??????????,init??????????6???????????.
• ??????? inittab???????.

Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS
are 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to
this) 1 - Single user mode 2 - Multiuser,
without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have
networking) 3 - Full multiuser mode 4 -
unused 5 - X11 6 - reboot (Do NOT set
initdefault to this) id3initdefault
??????3, ???????5????????.
13
runlevel 3

• Full multiuser mode
• OS????????????????????????.
• ???,Window System ?????????.
• Linux?Window???????????.
• ???????????????????(?????)???,??????????????.
• ??????????????.

14
runlevel 5

• Full multiuser mode with X11
• level 3???Window System(X11)???????.
• ???PC-Linux????????.
• Windows??????????.
• Window Sys.????????,?????????????????.

15
/etc/rc.d/rc?.d/

• ?runlebel????????????????.
• ???????shell script???????????
• ?????????????
• S????
• ? S60lpd
• K????
• ? K51sshd
• ????UNIX????SVR4(Solaris)?????????????????.BSD
  Unix????????.

16
S/K?????????

• ?????runlevel????????????.
• level?5??,/etc/rc.d/rc5.d/ ??
• OS????,S?????????????????????.
• OS?????,K????????????????????.
• ?????,/etc/rc ??????????.
• SStart, KKill ??

17
???????????

• shell script ???.
• ???????
• ?????,start ? stop ????????????????????????.
• S ???? start ??,K????stop???????.

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? (httpd)
Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/func
tions See how we were called. case "1" in
start) echo -n "Starting httpd "
daemon httpd touch /var/lock/subsys/httpd
stop) echo -n "Shutting down
http " killproc httpd rm -f
/var/lock/subsys/httpd rm -f
/var/run/httpd.pid ?? )
echo "Usage 0 startstoprestartreloadstatus
" exit 1 esac exit 0
19
??????????????
20
network

• ?????????????(ethernet?)?????????.
• ????????????????????????.
• ?????????,
• ????,???????(gateway)??????.
• ???????????????????????? (??,IP????,????)
• ifconfig???????????????????????????????.
• ????????????????,TCP/IP????????.

21
portmap

• ???????????????(RPC)?????????.
• RPC?????????????????????,???????????.
• ???????????????????????????.
• www?80?,??????25??
• portmap?,??RPC??????????(map??)???,???????????????
  ?????.

22
inet

• ??????????????,??????????????????????????.
• ???????????????,
• ?????????????????,
• ?????????????????,
• ????????????????????????.
• /etc/inetd.conf ??????.
• ????????????,????????.

23
POP??
SMTP????(sendmail)????,??,????? ?????,inetd
??????????????.
24
POP????????????
25
??????????
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME
CMD root 538 1 0 Aug27 ?
000000 inetd root 983 538 0 2322 ?
000000 in.rlogind root 984 983 0
2322 pts/1 000000 login -- kaiya
kaiya 985 984 0 2322 pts/1
000000 -bash kaiya 1012 985 3 2323
pts/1 000000 emacs Foo.java
????????????????
1??1????
????????
????????
????,??????????? ??????.???????????????.
inetd
in.rlogind
login
bash
emacs
26
syslog

• ????????????????(??)???????????.
• ?????????????????????????????.
• syslog????????,??,/var/log/ ???????????????.

27
lpd

• ??????????????.
• ??????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????
  ?????.
• ?????????????????????????????.

28
xntpd

• ?????????????????????.
• ?????????????????????????,??,?????.
• ??????,dns.cs. ??????(GPS????)????????????????????
  ?.

29
cron

• ????????????????????.
• ???????????.
• UNIX???????.
• Win?????????????.
• ???? man cron ???

30
????????????

• ??????4???????,
• ????4?
• ????6?
• ??7???6??
• ??9?
• ?????????.

???????, ?????????.
31
??????????

• ?????????????????.
• ?,?????????????????.

32
sshd

• ????????????????????????????.
• ??rshd?rlogind????.

33
httpd

• ???????????.
• ??????????????,????????????????,??????????????????
  ??????.
• httpd???????????,CGI??,??httpd?????????(perl??)???
  ????.

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httpd??????????

• ???????????? ???????????
• ??????????????,????????????????.

GET!
??? ??????
???? ???
???? (??httpd???)
?????? ?????
35
?????? (UML??)
??????
????(UNIX?)
Web ????
httpd
???????
CGI ?????
36
CGI?????????
????
httpd
URL??
CGI?????
??????
??????
??????
????(stdout)
??????
?????
???????
37
FreeWnn, canna

• ????????????????.
• ????UNIX?OS??,????????????????????,???????????????
  ??????.
• ????.?,??????????????,??????????????????????????
• Wnn, Canna?????????????????????????.

38
sendmail, postfix

• MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) ????????????????????????
  ????.
• ????Linux???,???MTA????,????(mail.cs?)?MTA????????
  ??????.
• ??????.

39
??

• MUA ?????????????
• OE???????????????????
• MTA ????????????????
• ??????????????????
• sendmail, qmail ??.

???????
mail.cs.shinshu-u.ac.jp
??? ???
MUA
MTA
MTA
MUA
mail.jaist.ac.jp
???????
40
smb

• samba????????????????.
• Linux?Disk?Printer?Windows??????????????????????.

41
Windows?????

• Linux??,???????????????.
• ?,??,??????????????????????.