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HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA
RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY IN AN UNIVERSITY BUILDING
THROUGH EFFICIENT LIGHTING THE E.C. GREENLIGHT
PROGRAM IN THE OLD NAVY HOSPITAL OF CARTAGENA
(SPAIN)
Professor Antonio Gabaldón
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INDEX

• 1. INTRODUCTION
• 2. END-USE EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENT DEREGULATION
• 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM
• 4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED EXPECTED
  END-USE IDENTIFICATION
• 5. IMPACT OF ENERGY-EFFICIENCY PROJECT
• 6. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
• 7. CONCLUSIONS
• 8. REFERENCES

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1. INTRODUCTION

• ? UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA (UPCT) WANTS TO REDUCE
  ENERGY COSTS DURING NEXT 4 YEARS (PLAN 2002 TO
  2006)
• ? UPCT WANTS TO VALIDATE THE FEASIBILITY
  COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT POLICIES
• ? RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY HVAC LIGHTING
• ? THIS PAPER FOCUSES IN LIGHTING END-USE

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2. END-USE EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENT DEREGULATION

• ? ADVANTAGE
• CONSIDERABLE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVING THE ENERGY
  EFFICIENCY
• ? DISADVANTAGES
• A CUSTOMER ATTENDS TO THE ENERGY BILL (ALWAYS)
• AN ELECTRICITY COST DECREASE (DUE TO THE
  COMPETITION IN DEREGULATED EG MARKETS) ? THE
  ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS HAVE BECOME LESS
  PROFITABLE

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM

• ? BUILDING
• 35,000 m2 (classrooms, departmental offices
  laboratories)
• It is not so good for energy efficiency
  standards HVAC Lighting
• HVAC
• COP ??
• No enough insulation
• No cool/heat storage availability
• LIGHTING
• Magnetic ballasts
• Fluorescent halogen lamps
• It has an own distribution transformer center
  (2x1,250 KVA / 20 KV)
• Energy demand (year 2001) 1,600 MWh
• Power peak (summer year 2001) 1 MW

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM

• ? PROJECT GREENLIGHT OBJECTIVES
• To improve the quality of lighting
• To improve energy and OM expenses of our
  University
• To contribute to reduce greenhouse gases
  pollutant compounds (VOC)
• To contribute to reduce EU dependence on external
  energy sources

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM

• ? EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL LIGHTING SYSTEM

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM

• ? EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL LIGHTING SYSTEM
• Classrooms computer classroms
• System based on 3 lamps luminaire (58 W, 26 mm
  single phosphor lamp plus magnetic ballast)
• Problems
• Technology of lamps ballasts
• Lighting axle
• Deficient switching circuit
• Others bad design of the classrooms
• Underground classrooms
• System based on 20 150 W High Intensity Discharge
  lamps -metal halide- with magnetic ballast

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4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED EXPECTED
END-USE IDENTIFICATION

• ? 3 changes are being achieved
• fluorescent lamp upgrading
• from monophosphor lamp to triphosphor lamp
• ballast upgrading
• from 72 W magnetic ballast to 54 W electronic
  ballast
• hall lamp upgrading
• from 75 W halogen lamp to CFL 23 W lamp

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4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED EXPECTED
END-USE IDENTIFICATION

• ? ENERGY SAVINGS FORECAST
• to evaluate the annual demand of energy
• Classroom 10 hours/day (from 9h to 14h and from
  16h to 21h)
• Secretary, library, 12 hours/day (from 8h30 to
  20h30)
• Professor offices 10 hours/day (from 9 to 14h
  and from 16h to 21h)
• External and hall lighting an average of 4h/day
• Days per month 22 days/month
• Months/year 11 months

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4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED EXPECTED
END-USE IDENTIFICATION

• ? ENERGY SAVINGS FORECAST (ii)
• Table II shows the power the energy saving for
  the upgraded area

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4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED EXPECTED
END-USE IDENTIFICATION

• ? LIGHTING COSTS
• EQUIPMENT (UNITARY COSTS)
• TARIFFS

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4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED EXPECTED
END-USE IDENTIFICATION

• ? LIGHTING COSTS
• SIMPLE PAYBACK (SPB)
• FE P(400tc1 440tc2 400tc3 440tc4 660tc5)
  (Fluorescent lighting)
• FE P(176tc1 176tc2 354tc4 264tc5) (Building
  halls)
• SPBIC/FYS

FE Energy cost P Rated power of each lighting
use tci Energy price in the i-period
SPB Simple Payback IC Installed cost FYS First
Year Savings
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5. IMPACTS OF ENERGY-EFFICIENCY PROJECT

• ? SAVINGS IN HVAC SYSTEMS DEMAND
• It is used in summer
• It is used a PBLM Methodology (Conference Room)
• It is used the HVAC appliance (1,300 W COP2.8)
• Example (Dwelling temperature DC of HVAC load
  behavior before after lighting upgrading)

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5. IMPACTS OF ENERGY-EFFICIENCY PROJECT

• ? QUALITY OF SUPPLY (The major tasks involved are
  as follows)
• To develop measurements on the secondary circuits
  (PB-5 P1-7 classrooms)
• To identify the loads that are particulary
  susceptibles to power quality
• To evaluate potential measures to mitigate the
  EMC problems
• The first item is being developed using
• An Acquisition Card System (ACS) plus specifical
  SW
• A digital oscilloscope
• A Fluke Harmonic meter
• The other ones are being performed

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6. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

• 2 CLASSROOMS ARE BEING EQUIPPED WITH SOME ENERGY
  CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
• Some Occupancy sensors
• A dimming system combined with photocells
• An Energy Management System (at the UPCT
  transformer)

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7. CONCLUSIONS

• ADVANTAGES
• The simulation field results show the interest
  of lighting retrofit technologies
• To take advantage of existing equipment
  (luminaries) to reduce project expenses
• To take into account the interesting impact on
  HVAC demand
• DISADVANTAGE
• The SPB is not so good as stated by the lighting
  industry technical reports

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HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA
RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY IN AN UNIVERSITY BUILDING
THROUGH EFFICIENT LIGHTING THE E.C. GREENLIGHT
PROGRAM IN THE OLD NAVY HOSPITAL OF CARTAGENA
(SPAIN)
Professor Antonio Gabaldón