AUDIO-SOUND

1
AUDIO-SOUND

• Hearing
• Listening

2
AESTHETICS

• Realism
• Illusion of reality to support the visuals
• Modernism
• Sound independent of visuals
• Post Modernism
• Emphasizes listener participation to raise
  emotions

3
TYPES OF MICS

• Transducer
• Converts sound to electronics
• Vibration of air against surface
• Dynamic
• Ribbon
• Condenser (Electret)
• Digital (still analog)

4
PICK UP PATTERNS

• Omni-directional
• Bi-directional
• Unidirectional
• Cardiod
• Super cardiod

5
MIC PLACEMENT

• On-camera
• Hand-held
• Desk/floor stand
• Lavaliere-lapel
• Off-camera
• Boom
• Fishpole, Giraffe, Perambulator
• Hidden
• Body, hanging, prop

6
MIC SELECTION

• Pickup pattern
• Hidden-visible
• Close-distant
• Quality vs. expense
• Transducer

7
BEYOND MONAURAL

• Multiple mics
• Close
• Phasing
• 3 X rule p. 164
• Mixer
• Stereo
• Multiple mics or special mics
• Surround or 5.1 or ???

8
SOUND CONTROL

• Noise
• Unwanted added sound
• Too low level
• Signal-to-noise ratio p. 167
• Ambient noise
• System noise
• Distortion
• Unwanted changes in sound
• Too high level

9
MEASUREMENT

• Volume-intensity-loudness
• Meters
• Volume Units (VU) (average)
• Peak Program Meter (PPM) (Peak)
• Calibrated in dBs of distortion level
• Lights
• Peak flashing
• Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
• Automatic AGC, ALC

10
CABLES

• Professional- 2 shield
• Amateur - 1 shield
• Avoid
• Power lines (cross at right angle)
• Long lines
• Coiled cable
• Proper handling
• Over-under coiling
• Dont step on cables

11
CONNECTORS-PLUGS

• Audio
• XLR,
• 1/4 (phone),
• RCA (phono),
• Mini (1/80
• Video
• BNC
• RF (F)

12
MIXING

• Console-mixer-board
• Three stages
• Input-mixing-output
• Controls-faders
• Pre-amplifiers
• Amplifiers
• Distribution
• Monitors,metering

13
LEVELS

• Low
• Mics, turntables
• Line
• Deck outputs (CD, R-Dat, Tapes)
• High
• Speaker, headphones

14
SETTING LEVELS

• One at a time
• 80 as starting point
• Keep out of the mud
• Keep below distortion
• Head room

15
COMMANDS

• Fade (in or out)
• Segue
• Cross fade
• Cut
• Open
• Sound up and under (bed)
• Backtime

16
SOUND PERSPECTIVE

• Alone- self-explanatory
• Match visuals or counterpoint
• Stereo is not real
• Surround, 5.1 moves toward realism

17
DIGITAL

• Digital Audio Workstations (DAW)
• Can replace entire control room
• Any PC/Mac with audio card
• Audio in and audio out always analog