Bonding

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Bonding

• Where the magic of chemistry takes place!

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Ionic Bonding
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More Ionic Bonding
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Molecular Bonding
Nonpolar Covalent
Polar Covalent
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Metallic Bonding
The electrons lost by the metal are now
delocalized (not belonging to a single cation)
and swim in the unfilled d orbitals.
This mobility allows for metals to have special
properties including malleability, ductility,
conductivity luster.
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Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding Animations

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vQqjcCvzWwww
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vyjge1WdCFPs

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Molecular Geometry Animations

• http//www.3dchem.com/table.asp
• http//intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F00/Lecture/Chap
  ter10/VSEPR.html

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Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model
(VSEPR)

• Helps us to make Lewis Structures.
• Dictates that most atoms form octets and that
  electrons want to be as far apart as possible
  (atoms with many unpaired electrons are
  surrounding the highly bonded middle atom).
• Does not describe geometry cant describe lone
  pairs.

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Hybridization

• Orbitals of different energy levels combine to
  form orbitals with equal energy.
• S and P orbitals to form sp orbitals.
• sp 2 orbitals (linear, Be)
• sp2 3 orbitals (trigonal planar, B)
• sp3 4 orbitals (tetrahedral, C)
• These are the orbitals that create bonds

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Role of Unshared Electrons

• Unshared electron pairs exhibit the sp orbital
  shape.
• NH3 and H2O are good examples. Both have extra
  electron pairs that contribute to the overall
  structure of the molecule.
• Hybridization Movie

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Unpaired Electrons (Double Bonds)

• Single bonds involving shared electrons in
  overlapping orbitals are called sigma bonds.
  Electron density is between nuclei.
• When electrons in non-bonding sp2 or sp orbitals
  combine a pi bond (double bond) is formed. A
  double bond is made up of one sigma bond and one
  pi bond.
• Double Bonds

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Examples

• CO (hybridization of C)
• See board.

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Hybridization Animations

• http//www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialche
  mistry/flash/hybrv18.swf

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Formation of Sigma Pi Bonds Through Orbital
Overlapping

• http//www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/animations/c
  hang_7e_esp/bom5s2_6.sw

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Bonding Review Video Clips

• Electronegativity Polarity
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vtSG4R4YZUW8
• Lewis Dot Structures
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vjPK-ct0xa60
• Molecular Geometry
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vloU0z0giNAU
• Intermolecular Forces
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vWodNNmoxNOw