Title: 10/28 Focus
1- 10/28 Focus
- Conflicts during the Warring States Period at the
end of the Zhou Dynasty led many people to
question the nature of society and peoples role
in it. - The effort to make sense of the chaos led to the
creation of new Chinese philosophies - Do Now
- Describe one effect that the Silk Roads had on
ancient China
2Major Philosophies of China
- Confucianism
- Legalism
- Taoism
3The Warring States Period
- Warfare broke out between nobles at the end of
Zhou dynasty - Led to period of upheaval and chaos
- People began to think about the best way to
restore - Social order
- Harmony
- Respect for authority
4Confucius
- 551 BC- 479 BC
- Known as Kongfuzi
- Chinese teacher and philosopher
- Philosopher
- A person who offers theories or ideas on big
questions - Developed a theory of how to establish stability
in China
5Confucianism
- Confucius believed that
- People are naturally good
- People should treat each other humanely
- Importance of education in creating good, stable
government - Need for educated civil servants
- Individual must find and accept their proper
place in society
6Confucianism
- Believed society should be organized around five
basic relationships - Ruler -----Subject
- Father-----Son
- Husband----Wife
- Older Brother----Younger Brother
- Friend----Friend
7The Five Relationship
8The Five Relationships
- Example
- Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous
living - Subjects should be loyal and law abiding
- Stressed importance of
- Family
- Filial Piety
- Children should respect their parents and elders
- Worship ancestors
- Patriarchal society
- Education
9Major Principles of Confucianism
- Li --gt Rite, rules, how you should act in a
community - Ren --gt humaneness for others helping others
- Shu --gt Reciprocity, empathy
- Do not do unto others what you would not want
others to do unto you. - Yi --gt Righteousness and morality
- Xiao --gt Filial Piety (Respect your parents and
elders)
10The Analects
- Book containing Confucius thoughts on how to
improve society - Became the basis for Chinese civil service exams
and bureaucracy - Government workers
11Confucian Temple Complex
12Significance of Confucianism
- Cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture
- Adopted by most Chinese
- preserved patriarchal society
- Spread to areas that were under Chinas control
or influence - Korea and Vietnam
13Closure
- What is Filial Piety?
- What impact did Confucianism have on China?
14Filial Piety
- The Master i.e. Confucius said, In serving his
parents the filial son is as reverent as possible
to them while they are living. In taking care of
them he does so with all possible joy when they
are sick he is extremely anxious about them when
he buries them he is stricken with grief when he
sacrifices to them he does so with the utmost
solemnity. These five duties being discharged
in full measure, then he has been able truly to
serve his parents.
15- 10/30 Focus
- The Qin adopted the philosophy of legalism and
used it to maintain strict control of the Chinese
population - Lao Tzu encouraged people to seek a balance with
nature by following the Taoist philosophy - Do Now
- Filial Piety was one of Confuciuss main
teachings . What is filial piety?
16Legalism
- Founded by Han Feizi
- Lived during the Warring States period
- Became the political philosophy of the Qin
Dynasty
17Principles of Legalism
- Human nature is naturally selfish humans are by
nature evil - Rulers needed to be strong and govern through
force - Laws must be strict and based on rewards and
punishments to maintain order - Supported harsh penalties
- Branding and mutilation for minor crimes
18Principles of Legalism
- Placed little value on education
- should be controlled by government
- Ideas needed to be strictly controlled
- Rulers should burn all writings that are critical
of the government - War is needed to strengthen the rulers power
19Daoism
- Founded by Lao Zi
- Began during the Warring States Period
- Stressed importance of balance in nature
- Yin
- Yang
-
20The Universe of Opposites
Yin
Masculine Active Light Warmth Strong
Heaven Sun
Feminine Passive Darkness Cold Weak Earth
Moon
Yang
21Daoism
- The Way
- The Tao
- A universal life force that is present in nature
- Guides all things
- Human understanding of nature and harmony
achieved by following the way
22Daoism
- Believed that education and politics are not
necessary for harmony - Natural flow of events would solve problems
- Rely on senses and instincts
- Stressed importance of individuals and less
government
23(No Transcript)
24The Question
How do we best achieve social order and
harmony in society??
Confucianism --gt Moral order in society.
Legalism --gt Rule by harsh law order.
Daoism --gt Freedom for individuals and
less govt. to avoid
uniformity and conformity.
25Closure
- How was Legalism used by the Qin to control the
people of China? - What role does balance play in the Daoist
teachings?
26- 10/31 Focus
- Chinas river valley civilizations laid the
foundations of Chinese culture. Important Chinese
philosophies , Confucianism, legalism, and Taoism
developed. - Do Now
- Identify one difference between legalism and
Confucianism
27China Review
- What are two natural barriers that influenced the
development of civilization in China? - Identify one effect these barriers had on China
28China Review
- What is this structure
- What does it tell us about the Chinese view of
the outside world?
29China Review
- What trade route is shown in this map?
- What impact did it have on China?
30China Review
31China Review
- Explain the process that is shown in this image?
32China Review
Zhou Dynasty
Shang Dynasty
Qin Dynasty
Han Dynasty
Warring States Period
33China Review
Confucius
Han Feizi
The Way
The Han Feizi
Lao Tzu
Filial Piety
The Analects
The Way of Virtue
Seek a balance with nature
Developed during warring states period
Placed high value on education rather than
punishment
The Five Relationships
Harsh penalties for breaking laws
Ways to establish order in society
Strict control of education and free thinking
Placed little value on education