Technological Impacts

1
POLY ENGINEERING
2
8
Constraints on the Engineering Design Process
(A constraint is a limit or restriction)

1. Safety is the product safe to use/construct?
2. Reliability will it work consistently over
   time?
3. Cost is it affordable?
4. Quality Control does it meet customer
   requirements?
5. Environmental Concerns does it harm the natural
   or human environment negatively?
6. Manufacturability can it be made?
7. Maintenance how easily can it be maintained or
   upheld?
8. Ergonomics how efficiently can the human body
   utilize it?

3
Core Technologies
9

• Core Technologies
• Mechanical
• Structural
• Electrical
• Electronic
• Fluid
• Optical
• Thermal
• Biotechnology
• Material

Technology Systems
4
Mechanical Technology

• The technology of putting together mechanical
  parts to produce, control, and transmit motion.

• Example applications
• Gear systems in a car transmission,
• Brakes on a bicycle,
• Agitator in a washing machine,
• Latch on a door.
• Springs in vehicle shocks

5
Structural Technology

• The technology of putting mechanical parts and
  materials together to create supports,
  containers, shelters, connectors, and functional
  shapes.

• Example applications
• Legs on a chair,
• City water tower,
• Swimming pool,
• Roadways and Bridges,
• Bicycle spokes
• Airplane wing,
• Satellite antenna disc.

6
Electrical Technology

• The technology of producing, storing,
  controlling, transmitting and getting work from
  electrical energy.

• Example applications
• Power plant generator,
• Flashlight,
• Electric motor in a can opener,
• Doorbell,
• Electric heater,
• Hair dryer.

7
Electronic Technology

• The technology of using small amounts of
  electricity for controlling detecting and
  information collecting, storing, retrieving,
  processing and communicating.

• Example applications
• thermostat for controlling temperature,
• a metal detector,
• video tape recorder,
• computer,
• pocket calculator,
• telephone,
• radio,
• television.

8
Fluid Technology

• The technology of using fluid, either gaseous
  (pneumatics) or liquid (hydraulic) to apply force
  or to transport.

• Example applications
• Air brakes on a truck,
• Tires on a car,
• Airfoils on an airplane,
• Warm-air heating ducts,
• Hydraulic jack,
• Plumbing in a school
• Hydro-electric dam

9
Optical Technology

• The technology of producing light using light
  for information collecting, storing, retrieving,
  processing and communicating and using light to
  do work.

• Example applications
• Lightbulb,
• Light-emitting diode,
• Lenses to magnify or reduce,
• Laser speed detector,
• Laser compact disk,
• Fiber-optic telephone communication,
• Laser cutting tools,
• Laser surgical instruments.

10
Thermal Technology

• The technology of producing, storing,
  controlling, transmitting and getting work from
  heat energy.

• Example applications
• Furnace,
• Hot water heater,
• Toaster,
• Insulation,
• Heat exchanger,
• Refrigerator,
• Hot air balloon.

11
Biotechnology

• The technology of using, adapting, and altering
  organisms and biological processes for a desired
  outcome.

• Example applications
• Stain-eating enzymes in detergent,
• Bacteria leaching metals from ore,
• Altering plant genes to produce better crops.
• Oil-eating microbes used in oil spill remediation
  
• Genetically-modified agriculture

12
Materials Technology

• The technology of producing, altering, and
  combining materials.

• Example applications
• Producing paper from wood,
• Producing aluminum from ore,
• Drilling holes in wood,
• Annealing to soften metal,
• Laminating wood.

13
Review Design Process

• Define the Problem
• Brainstorm, Research, Generate Ideas
• Explore Possibilities
• Develop a Design Proposal
• Make Model/Prototype
• Test and Evaluate
• Refine the Design
• Communicate the Solution

14
Classwork / Homework

1. Partner exercise - articles about particular
   technology systems (i.e. Hubble, Maglev Train,
   etc.) and students must
2. Describe the system outputs what are the
   desired/undesired outputs?
3. Describe the operation of the system in terms of
   the 9 core technologies.
4. Answers should be written up. 3 or 4 groups will
   be chosen at random tomorrow to give
   presentation. 3-minute maximum. Teacher will
   ask questions.