Participles

1
Participles

• Latin II Grammar Review Lesson 5b

2
What is a Participle?

• Verbal adjective (part verb, part adjective)
• Part Adjective
• must agree with the noun in case, number, and
  gender
• Part Verb
• takes same objects regular verb does (direct and
  indirect objects, predicate nominatives and
  adjectives)

3
Forming Present Active Participles

• Present Active Participle
• 1st 2nd Conjugation Present Stem -ns
• 3rd 4th Conjugation Present Stem -ens
• Translation
• Meaning of verb w/ -ing
• Running, fighting, walking, etc.

4
Present Active Participles

• amo, amare, amavi, amatus a, um
• amans loving
• habeo, habere, habui, habitus a, um
• habens having
• pono, ponere, posui, positus a, um
• ponens placing
• audio, audire, audivi, auditus a, um
• audiens hearing

5
Declining Present Active Participles

• Decline the present participle just like a third
  declension noun
• ---- -es
• -is -ium
• -i -ibus
• -em -es
• -e -ibus

6
Declining Present Active Participles

• amo, amare, amavi, amatus a, um
• Singular Plural
• Nominative amans amantes (amanta)
• Genitive amantis amantium
• Dative amanti amantibus
• Accusative amantem (amans) amantes (amanta)
• Ablative amante amantibus

7
Translating Present Active Participles

• Nominative the loving one(s)
• Genitive of the loving one(s)
• Dative to/for the loving one(s)
• Accusative the loving one(s)
• Ablative by/with the loving one(s)
• Translation often determined by the use of the
  participle in context

8
Forming Perfect Passive Participles

• Form 4th Principle Part
• Translation having been...
• amo, amare, amavi, amatus a, um
• amatus having been loved
• habeo, habere, habui, habitus a, um
• habitus having been had
• pono, ponere, posui, positus a, um
• positus having been placed
• audio, audire, audivi, auditus a, um
• auditus having been heard

9
Declining Perfect Passive Participles

• Decline the perfect passive participle just like
  1st/2nd declension nouns
• Feminine Masculine/Neuter
• -a -ae -us/-um -i/-a
• -ae -arum -i -orum
• -ae -is -o - is
• -am -as -um -os/-a
• -a -is -o - is

10
Declining Perfect Passive Participles

• audio, audire, audivi, auditus a, um
• Feminine Masculine/Neuter
• audita auditae auditus(um) auditi(a)
• auditae auditarum auditi auditorum
• auditae auditis audito auditis
• auditam auditas auditum auditos(a)
• audita auditis audito auditis

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Translating Perfect Passive Participles

• Nominative the having been heard one(s)
• Genitive of the having been heard one(s)
• Dative to/for the having been heard one(s)
• Accusative the having been heard one(s)
• Ablative by/with the having been heard one(s)
• Translation often determined by the use of the
  participle in context

12
Forming Future Active Participles

• Form 4th P.P. -urus a, um
• Translation about to.../ going to
• amo, amare, amavi, amatus a, um
• amaturus about to love
• habeo, habere, habui, habitus a, um
• habiturus about to hold
• pono, ponere, posui, positus a, um
• positurus about to place
• audio, audire, audivi, auditus a, um
• auditurus about to hear

13
Declining Future Active Participles

• Decline the future active participle just like
  1st/2nd declension nouns
• Feminine Masculine/Neuter
• -a -ae -us/-um -i/-a
• -ae -arum -i -orum
• -ae -is -o - is
• -am -as -um -os/-a
• -a -is -o - is

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Declining Future Active Participles

• audio, audire, audivi, auditus a, um
• Feminine Masculine/Neuter
• auditura auditurae auditurus(um) audituri(a)
• auditurae auditurarum audituri auditurorum
• auditurae audituris audituro audituris
• audituram audituras auditurum audituros(a)
• auditura audituris audituro audituris

15
Translating Future Active Participles

• Nominative the one(s) about to hear
• Genitive of the one(s) about to hear
• Dative to/for one(s) about to hear
• Accusative the one(s) about to hear
• Ablative by/with the one(s) about to hear
• Translation often determined by the use of the
  participle in context

16
Future Passive Participle

• Future Passive Participle
• 1st 2nd Conjugation Present Stem -ndus
• 3rd 4th Conjugation Present Stem -endus
• Translation
• To be (similar to passive infinitive)
• To be run, to be fought, to be walked, etc.
• Not typically translated in isolation
• See Passive Periphrastic

17
Future Passive Participle

• amo, amare, amavi, amatus a, um
• amandus the one to be loved
• habeo, habere, habui, habitus a, um
• habendus the one to be had
• pono, ponere, posui, positus a, um
• ponendus the one to be placed
• audio, audire, audivi, auditus a, um
• audiendus the one to be heard

18
Future Passive Participle

• Decline the future passive participle just like
  1st/2nd declension nouns
• Feminine Masculine/Neuter
• -a -ae -us/-um -i/-a
• -ae -arum -i -orum
• -ae -is -o - is
• -am -as -um -os/-a
• -a -is -o - is