?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?10 ?????????? ?????????????? I

1
?????????? ?????????????? ????????????????
?10 ?????????? ?????????????? I

• ????????? ?.?., ?.?.-?.?.

2
???????????????? ??????

• ????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??
  ??????????? ????????????? ????? ??? ?????????
  ???????? ?????????

3
???????????????? ???????????

• ???????????????? ??????????? ????????????
  ????????? ???????????? ?? ????, ?.?. ???? ????
  ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????????????
  ???????
• ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????
• rs ltlt ?
• ????????? ???????????, ??????????? ???
• rs lt 40 ??

?????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ? ??????????
3
4
???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????
????? ???????, ????????? ??????????? ?????????
??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????
5
??????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??
??????? ??????????? ?????????
????? ???????, ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????
?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????
????????. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????
????????? ??????, ??????????? ???????
?????????????? ????????? ? ??????????, ??????? 15
??.
6
????????? ????? ????????? (?)
????????? ????? ??????????, ????? ????? ????????,
???????? ??????????, ???? ?? ?????????

• ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ??????????
• ???????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????????,
• ?????? - ???????????

6
7
???????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????
?? ????????????

• ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????
  ?????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????
  ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?
  ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???????????????
  ????????????? ?????????? ????? (???????).
• ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????
  ??????????????? ????????????? ???????. ???
  ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????
  ???????????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ???????
  ??????????? ????????.
• ????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????????
  ????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????
  ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????
  ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? 10-16 ??3.
  ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????, ??????? ????????
  ???????????? ?????, ????? ???? (???????
  ?????????? ?????).

8
?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????
?????????? ?????????? ?????????

• ????????????????? ?????? ?????????, ???????????
  ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????? (30 ??),
  ???????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ????????? ????????????

9
????????????? ? ????????? ??????? p n ???????
? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????,
???????????? ????????????? ????????, ?????
????????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????????
????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????
?????????????? ???? ?????????, ????????????
?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????
??????????.
p n ???????, ?? ??????????? ???????? ???????
???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????????
50, 80 ??? 100 ??. ????????????? ?????????
?????????? ?????????? 6.63?108, 1.63?108,
7.73?107 ??2 ??????????????.
????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????
????? ? ???????? ??????????? Appl. Phys. Lett.
2005. V. 86. P. 063106-1063106-3
10
???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????????
????????????? (?? ???????? ??? ??????????)
??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????
????????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??
??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? (??????
?????) ? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? (???????
??????)
11
??????? ???????? ????????

• ?????????? ? Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005. V. 86. P.
  063106-1063106-3
• ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????
  ????????? ?????????????? ????, ???????????? ??
  ???????? ?????? ? ???????, ? ??????????
  ??????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?? ?????
  ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????
  ????? ?????????? ? ??????????????.
• ?????????????, ????? ????????-?????????
  ?????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????
  ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ? ?????,
  ? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? 100 ?? ???
  ??????? 1 ??.
• ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????
  ??????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????
  ????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ????????,
  ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? 510 ??.
• ? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????
  ?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???????????
  ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????
  ????????-???????? ??? ? ??????????????.

12
?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ? ?????
?????? Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010. V. 96. P.
153107-1153107-3
??????? ?????????????? ?????????? 60 ??2, ?????
?? ??????? (20 ??2) ???????? ???????, ??? ????
???????? ??????? ??????????? (nanorods).
??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???
??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????
????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??????????? ????
??????. ????? ???????????? ?????????? 50100
??, ??????? 10 ??. ????????? ????????? ????
????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????
????????? ? ?????? ????? ? ??????? 1300 ??.
???? ?????? ? ????? ?????????????? ????????
13
(?) ??????????????? ???????? ???????
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??????????????? ???????????? ??????????,
(?) ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?
???????
14
??????- ? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ? ???????
???????????
15
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?
?????????? ??????????
16
??????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????
????????
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?????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????
??????? ? ????????. ???????????? ?????????
???????????? ?????? ??????, ????????
?????????????? ???????. ?????????????? ???????
??????????? ? ????????, ???????? ???????????????
??????????, ?????????? ??? ????? ????????????????
?????????.
?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?
?????????? ????????? n ???? ?????????? 0.80 ??, ?
??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? 1300 ?? ????? 0.95
??, ?.?. ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????.
17
????????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????

• ????????? ????????????????? ????????? ????????
  ??????? ??-?? ??? ?????????, ??????????????????,
  ?????????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ?
  ?????? ?????????? ??????????.
• ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????
  ? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????????
  ????????????.
• ????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????
  ???? ??-?? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????
  ? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ? ????????
  ????????????.
• ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????
  ????????? ??????, ??????????? ?????? ??????????
  ??????????? ???????????, ????? ???
  ??????????????? ???????????, ???????????.
• ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????
  ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????
  ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????????
  ????????? ???? ? ?????? ????????????? ???????.

18
?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????????
?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????
????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? (?)
??????? ?? ????????? (SOI-?????????) ? ????????
???????? ??????? 1.25 ???, (?) 300 ??? ?????????
?????????? ????????? ??????? J. Appl. Phys.
2007. V. 101. P. 093105-1093105-8
19
????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????????????
?????, ??? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ??????
???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??
??????? ?????, ??? ? ???????????? ????????
??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????
????????, ?????????? ? ??????????? ????????????
??????.
??????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ?
??????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????????????
????????? ???????? ?????? (?) ???????? ???????
14 ??, (b) 16 ??, (?) 18 ??, (d) 27 ??
20
?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????
???????? ???????? 1.25 ??? ??? ??????????
?????????? ? ???????? ???????? 12 ? 16 ?? ??
????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????
(SOI-?????????)
21
?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????????
?????????? ???????? ???????? 300 ??? ???
?????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ???????? 12, 14
? 16 ??
22
???????????

• ??????????? ???????????????, ??????? ?? ????
  ??????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ?????????
  ??????, ???????? ??? ????, ??? ??????? ??????
  ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????
  ????????? ??????? ??????????, ? ??????? ??????
  ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?
  ???????????? ?????????.
• ??? ????????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ?????????
  ??????? ? ????????? ? ?????????????? ?????
  ???????? ? ???? ????????????? ???????????, ?????,
  ??? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ????????
  ????????????, ???? ? ?.?.
• ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????
  ????????, ?.?. ???????? ? ?????????????
  ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????
  ?????????????? ??????? ?? ????????????
  ??????????? ????????? ?????.
• ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????
  ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ? ?????? ?
  ????????, ??????? ????? ?????.

23
Liang Tang, Sukru E.K., Salman L. et al.
Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced
by a near-infrared dipole antenna // Nature
photonics. 2008. V. 2. P. 226229.
??? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????
?????????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????
??????? ?????? 380 ?? ? ????? ????????
???????????, ????????????????? ??? ???????. ???
????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????
????????????? ????????? (? 1.3 ???) ??
???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ????????
??????? 0.00027 ???3.
????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?) ??? ??????, b)
?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????
(????? ????? 1 ???.?), ????????????? ??? ?????
????????? ???????????, ?) ?????????? ???????
(????? ????? 2 ???. ?), ???????????? ???????????
??????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????
24
?????????? ? ?????? Nature photonics. 2008. V.
2. P. 226229. ??????? ??? ???????????
????????????? ????????? ????? ??? y ? ????? ???
x ????????? x-?????????????? ????????? ??
???????? ???? ? ????????? ???????,
??????????????? ????? ??? y, ??????
??????????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????????
???? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????????
?????? 104 ?3, ??????????? ???????? ?????????
?????????????.
25
??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????
??????Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008. V. 92, P.
043101
????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? (???????
800), ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????
??????????? ? ????????????????? ? ?????????????
????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????
????????? ? ??????? ????????????.
????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????
????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????? ? ???????
???????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????
??????????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????????
?????????????? ???? ? ????? ???????????? ????????
????????? (??????)
26
??????????? ???????-??????? (bowtie-antenna)
? ??????? ???????-??????? ??????????
???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????
????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ???
??????????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ??????. ???
???????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ????
?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?
????????? ???? ? ???????? ??????. ?????
???????, ? ??????????????? ?????????
????????????? ??????????? ????? ? ???????? ??????
??????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ??
??????? ?????? ???????. ???????
???????-??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????
???????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????, ???
???????? ???????????, ??? ??????????? ??? ????
?????????? ? ????????????? ??????????.
27
????????? ????????

• ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????
  ????????????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?
  ? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? N ? ( N ?????
  ?????).
• ????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????????
  ????????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???
  ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????.
• ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??
  ??????? ????????, ??? ? ???????????? ?
  ??????????? ????????? ???????? ? ??????????
  ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????.
• ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????
  ???????????? ????? (??? ???????, ???????????
  ????), ?????? ? ????????????? ???????? ???????
  ???????????? ? ?????????????? ????????? Igt1013
  ??/??2.

28
????????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????????
???????-???????
????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????
????????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ??????
???????-???????
29
Kim S., Jin J., Kim Y.-J. et al. High-harmonic
generation by resonant plasmon field enhancement
// Nature 2008. V. 453. P. 757760.

• ? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????,
  ????????????? ?? ?????????? ????????. ?????
  ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? 175 ??,
  ??????? 50 ??, ???????? ????? ???????? 20 ??.
• ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?
  ????????????? ???????? 10 ??, ??????? ??????
  ????? 800 ??, ???????? ?????????? ????????? 75
  ??? ? ?????????????? 1011 ??/??2, ??? ?? ???
  ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????.
• ???????? ????, ?????????????? ?? ????? ??????, ?
  ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????
  ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??
  ????? ????? ?????? ?? 47 ?? (???????
  ????????????).

30
?????????? ????????????
?????? ????????? ??????? ????????, ?????????? ?
?????? Nature 2008. V. 453. P. 757760
31
????????? ???????? (?????????)

• ???????? ????????? ? ???????? ?? 7 ?? 17
  (H7H17), ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? 114 ?? 47
  ??. ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ???
  ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ?
  ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????,
  ?????????? ? ????????? ????????. ??? ????????, ?
  ????????, ?????????? ??????????? ??????????,
  ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????
  ??????, ???, ???????????, ????????? ? ? ?????????
  ?????.
• ? ?????? Nature 2008. V. 453. P. 757
  ???????????, ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???????
  ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????
  ????????????????? ????????? ??? ???????????
  ?????????? ? ??? ?????????? ? ???????????
  ???????? ??????????.

32
The recent progress in X-ray Free Electron Laser
(XFEL) research
F.B. Rosmej1,2
1Sorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris, France 2Ecole Polytechnique, LULI-PAPD,
Palaiseau, France
frank.rosmej_at_upmc.fr
33
Matter and Energy
heating
heating
solid
liquid
gas
destruction of cristalline structure
structureless particles
phase transitions key physics
considerable number of charged particles
heating
PLASMA
gas
destruction of atomic structure
electric microfield
Collective effects
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
34
Strongly coupled plasmas
high pressure
Dense strongly coupled plasmas - DSCP -
PLASMA
strong coupling
particule correlation
decrease of temperature T
increase of density n
No expansion parameter
Theory
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
35
Warm Dense Matter
Dense strongly coupled plasmas - DSCP -
Warm Dense Matter - WDM
Solid
high pressure
return of cristalline structure
Warm temperature
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
36
Importance of Warm Dense Matter
I. In the univers
Earth magnetic field
Sun thermonuclear fusion
Jupiter metallic hydrogen
II. Heating of matter
Inertial fusion
Laser
Electric heating
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
37
How to access Warm Dense Matter ?
Warm Dense Matter WDM

• Near solid density
• Some 10 eV temperature

10 eV matter does not produce X-rays
X-ray radiation is necessary to escape solid
density matter
R.W. Lee et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 770 (2003)
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
38
Free Electron X-ray Lasers - XFEL
...... creation of K-, L-hole states
Photo Ionization K2LNMX h?keV ? K1LNMX e 
X-rays K1LNMX ? K2LN-1MX h?keV,target 
No temperature needed to excite X-rays !
Synchrotron radiation creates K-holes but does
not heat the solid because of very low
photon intensity (1012 photons/sec)
XUV/X-ray Free Electron Lasers have a brilliance
about 10 orders of magnitude higher to allow
photoionisation and heating
10 orders of magnitude in velocity
Not just more quick ...but completely different
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
39
Hollowcrystal produced by intense X-FEL
radiation
XFEL
photoionization of internal shells
t(Auger) 10-50 fs
10 fs
I gt 1016 W/cm2
Collapse of conduction band ?
K-alpha, beta energies ?
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
40
The temporal evolution
XUV-spectroscopy of hole states provides proof of
? near solid density, high temperature ? time
evolution and heating mechanisms (Auger)
Interaction FLASH-solid
10 fs
Photoionisation K2L8M3 h? - K2L7M3 e
fs
Equilibration of photo-electrons in the
conduction band kTe 8 eV
Relaxation (potential energy) of hole states
K2L7M3-K2L8M1 eAuger
50 fs
fs
Auger electron energy is redistributed in the
conduction band
ps
Begin of crystal destruction and inverse Auger
effect
XUV target emission from hole states
ps
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
41
XUV-FEL (FLASH) Chauffage par électrons Auger
Time evolution after intense photoionization of
inner-shells
Auger electron heating of conduction band
electrons e-e (fs)
E. Galtier, F.B. Rosmej et al., PRL 106, 164801
(2011)
F.B. Rosmej Exotic states of high density
matter driven by intense XUV/X-ray Free Electron
Lasers, "Free Electron Laser", InTech 2012,
editor S. Varró, ISBN 978-953-51-0279-3.
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
42
X-ray bursts from hollow ions
Radiation field driven non-equilibrium atomic
kinetic MARIA-simulations
F.B. Rosmej et al. Fast x-ray emission
switches driven by intense x-ray free electron
laser radiation, High Energy Density Physics 3,
218 (2007).
Why is that ? No sensitivity to rad.
recombination regime
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI
MARIA-code F.B. Rosmej, J. Phys. B Lett. 30,
L819 (1997) EPL 55, 472
(2001) EPL 76, 1081 (2006)
43
VI. Conclusion and Outlook
Photoionization and photopumping by XFELs lead
to outstanding possibilities to investigate dense
plasmas/dense matter 10 fs, I gt 1016 W/cm2
X-ray photopumping will lead to a revolution in
the analysis like it was the case for LIF (Laser
Induced Fluorescence)
New matter heating mechanism identification of
Auger electron heating
Autoionizing hole states play an exceptional
role in the analysis 10 fs time resolution,
hollow ions, hollow crystals, diagnostics,
Redefinition of ground states excited states
coupling
High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy is a key
diagnostics provides the full use of XFELs for
fundamental studies in atomic and plasma physics
Spectroscopy is a non-interfering matter probe
Generalized codes (SCISMMCDF) improve greatly
the understanding of dense plasma effects
F.B. Rosmej/Sorbonne-UPMC/LULI