Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails

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Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails
Your skin serves as a physical barrier between
the outside world and your internal organs.
You must protect your skin by washing it and
keeping it free of dirt, bacteria, and
perspiration.
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Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, youll learn to

• Examine the structure of the skin.
• Identify the functions of the skin.
• Examine the effects of health behaviors on skin,
  hair, andnails.
• Relate the importance of recognizing warning
  signs that leadto the early detection of skin
  diseases and prompt individualsof all ages to
  seek health care.

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Structure and Function of the Skin
Structure of the Skin
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Structure and Function of the Skin
Layers of the Skin

• The two main layers of the skin
• Epidermis Its top layer consists
• of dead cells and deeper layers
  contain living cells that are continually
  dividing.
• Dermis It is a single, thick layer
  composed of connective tissue, which gives
  the skin elasticity.
• The epidermis and the dermis are attached to
  bones and muscles by the subcutaneous layer.

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Structure and Function of the Skin
Epidermis

• Certain cells in the epidermis make a substance
  called keratin, a protein that toughens nails.
• These cells also produce lipids, which make your
  skin waterproof.
• Other cells produce melanin. The more the
  melanin, the darker the skin.

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Structure and Function of the Skin
Dermis

• Sebaceous glands are found in the dermis.
• Blood vessels in the dermis supply cells with
  oxygenated blood and nutrients and facilitate the
  removal of cellular wastes.
• Sweat glands produce perspiration on the surface
  of the skin.

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Healthy Skin
Ways to Keep Your Skin Healthy
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Healthy Skin
Skin and the Sun

• When skin is exposed to UV rays, whether from the
  sun, a tanning booth, or another source, melanin
  production is increased.
• Prolonged exposure to UV rays damages the genetic
  material in skin cells and causes it to undergo
  changes.
• Exposure to UV radiation is the leading cause of
  certain types of skin cancer.

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Healthy Skin
Protecting Your Skin from UV Rays
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Healthy Skin
Body Piercing and Tattooing

• Body piercing and tattooing result in the
  physical barrier of the skin being broken, so the
  possibility of bacteria or viruses entering the
  body increases.
• If nonsterile needles are used for tattooing,
  they can transfer bacteria and blood-borne
  pathogens such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and
  HIV.
• A tattoo can be removed by a laser procedure.
  However, the procedure can cause skin
  discoloration and infection and can leave scars.

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Healthy Skin
Common Skin Problems
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Healthy Skin
Acne

• Acne is caused when pores in the skin get clogged
  and the sebum produced by the sebaceous glands
  cannot reach the skins surface.
• Washing your face gently twice a day, applying
  over-the-counter treatment creams, and avoiding
  the use of oily products can help control
  breakouts.
• Touching and picking at the acne only aggravates
  the condition and may cause scarring.

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Healthy Skin
Warts

• Warts are caused by a virus that infects the
  surface layers of the skin.
• They are usually noncancerous growths that can
  appear anywhere on the body.
• The virus that causes warts can be acquired
  through contact with infected skin.

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Healthy Skin
Vitiligo

• Vitiligo is a skin condition in which patches of
  skin have lost all pigment.
• With no melanin, these patches of skin are
  extremely susceptible to burning when exposed to
  UV light.
• Sunscreen should be applied or protective
  clothing should be worn to avoid severe sunburn.

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Healthy Skin
Boils

• Boils form when hair follicles become infected
  with bacteria that are normally found on the
  surface of the skin.
• Treatment can include draining the pus and taking
  a course of antibiotics.
• Never squeeze or burst a boil because this can
  spread the infection.
• Keeping skin clean can help prevent boils.

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Healthy Skin
Moles

• Moles are spots that contain extra melanin.
• Certain types of moles may develop into melanoma,
  which can be deadly.
• Early detection and treatment are critical to
  controlling the spread of skin cancer throughout
  the body.

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Healthy Skin
The ABCDs of Melanoma
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Your Hair
A Closer Look at Hair

• Except for the palms of your hands and the soles
  of your feet, you have hair on almost every skin
  surface.
• Living cells in the epidermis make new hairs and
  cause hair growth. Hair grows out of hair
  follicles.
• Hair helps protect the skin, especially the
  scalp, from exposure to UV radiation.
• The foundation of healthy hair is a well-balanced
  diet. Hair can become thin and dry without proper
  nutrients.

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Your Hair
Tips for Healthy Hair
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Your Hair
Hair Problems

• Dandruff can usually be treated by washing hair
  with an over-the-counter dandruff shampoo.
• Head lice are tiny parasitic insects that live in
  the scalp hair of humans.
• These insects can be eliminated by washing hair
  with a medicated shampoo that kills the organisms.

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Your Nails
Grooming Your Nails

• Nails function to protect and support the tissues
  of the fingers and toes.
• Good care includes keeping nails clean and evenly
  trimmed.
• Trim toenails straight across and just slightly
  above skin level to reduce the risk of infection
  and ingrown nails.

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Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.

• dermis
• 2. epidermis
• sebaceous glands
• 4. hair follicles

Q. Melanin, which gives the skin, hair, and
iris of the eyes their color, is located in the
______.
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Quick Review - Answer
A. Melanin, which gives the skin, hair, and iris
of the eyes their color, is located in the
epidermis.
Click Next to attempt another question.
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Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given
below.
Q. Define the terms epidermis and dermis.
Click Next to view the answer.
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Quick Review - Answer
A. The epidermis is the outer, thinner layer of
the skin, composed of living and dead cells.
The dermis is the thicker layer of skin
beneath the epidermis, made up of connective
tissue and containing blood vessels and nerves.
Click Next to attempt another question.
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Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given
below.
Q. Why is early detection of skin cancer
important to your overall health?
Click Next to view the answer.
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Quick Review - Answer
A. Early detection of skin cancer is critical to
controlling its spread throughout the body.
Click Next to attempt another question.
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Quick Review
Provide suitable examples.
Consider your daily activities in the sun.
Compose a list of waysyou can protect your skin
from the sun for each activity.