CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Connects body parts

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• Most abundant tissue type
• Widely spread
• Made up of many types of cells

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Common Characteristics

• 1. Blood supply
• Most well vascularized
• Some have poor blood supply
• Tendons and ligaments poor
• Cartilages avascular
• Heal slowly

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• Extracellular Matrix-
• nonliving substance found outside cells
• - produced by connective tissue
• - secreted to exterior

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Two Main Elements of the Matrix

• 1. Ground Substance
• Water
• Adhesion proteins glue fibers to cells
• Large, charged polysaccharides (trap water as
  they intertwine)
• Less fluid
• More rock-hard

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• FIBERS
• Collagen (white)
• Elastic (yellow)
• Reticular (fine collagen)

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SCURVY

• Loss of collagen
• Deficiency of Vitamin C (necessary in formation
  of collagen fibers)
• Skin sores, spongy gums, weak blood vessels, poor
  healing of wounds

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Matrix

• Soft packing tissue around organs
• Bears weight
• Absorb large amount of water
• Withstand stretching, abrasion, etc
• Ex Fat mostly cells ? soft
• Bone/Cartilage few cells, more
• matrix ? extremely strong

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TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Fiber type
• Number of fibers in matrix

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BONE

• Osseous tissue
• Bone cells sitting in lacunae (cavities)
• Surrounded by layers of hard matrix with Ca salts
  and collagen fibers
• Protect and support body organs

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CARTILAGE

• Less hard, more flexible
• Elastic elasticity (ear)
• Fibrocartilage highly compressable (disks
  between vertebrae)

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3. Hyaline most widespread

• Collagen fibers hidden by rubbery matrix with
  glassy, blue-white appearance
• Larynx, ribs, covers ends of bones at joints
• Skeleton of fetus

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Dense Connective Tissue

• AKA Dense Fibrous Tissue
• Collagen fibers with fibroblasts in between
• Stong, ropelike
• TENDONS attach skeletal muscles to bone
• LIGAMENTS connect bones to bones at joints

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Medial Collateral Ligament
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LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Softer
• More cells, fewer fibers
• 3 types

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AREOLAR TISSUE

• Soft, pliable
• Cushions, protects, holds together organs
• Lamina propria soft layer underlying all mucous
  membranes
• Most of matrix appears to be empty space because
  of loose and fluid nature
• Reservoir of salts and water

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Edema

• When a body region is inflamed, the areolar
  tissue soaks up excess fluid
• The area becomes puffy
• Phagocytes scavenge through this tissue

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ADIPOSE TISSUE

• Areolar tissue fat cells predominate
• Signet ring cells bulging nucleus looks like a
  ring
• Forms subcutaneous tissue beneath skin
• Insulates temp., organs
• fuel

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Reticular Connective Tissue

• Delicate network of interwoven reticular fibers
• Forms STROMA (bed) internal supporting framework
• Supports free blood cells in lymphoid organs
  (lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow)

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BLOOD

• Blood cells surrounded by blood plasma
  (nonliving, fluid matrix)
• Fibers of blood become visible during clotting
• Carries nutrients, wastes, gases

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