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Connective Tissue Components

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Connective Tissue Forms metabolic and structural connections between tissues Found everywhere in the body and represents most abundant tissue by weight. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Connective Tissue Components


1
Connective Tissue Components
  • 3 major components of connective tissue
  • Extracellular fibers, Ground substance, Cells
  • _______________ ________ Extracellular fibers
    Ground substance
  • Matrix surrounds and separates the cells,
    providing important structural and nutritional
    support to them, allowing them to be farther
    apart than epithelial cells.
  • 1. Ground substance
  • Liquid, solid, or gel
  • 2. Extracellular fibers
  • Collagenous, Reticular, Elastic
  • 3. Cells
  • Fixed cells
  • Fibroblasts, Adipocytes (fat cells), Reticular
    cells
  • Wandering cells
  • Mast cells, Leukocytes (white blood cells),
    Macrophages (fixed and wandering)

2
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3
Connective Tissue Components Ground Substance
  • Composed of glycoproteins called
  • __________________ (GAGs)
  • hyaluronic acid
  • Help to orient fiber formation in connective
    tissue.
  • Is medium through which cells exchange nutrients
    and waste with the __________ ___________.
  • Acts as shock absorbing cushion and helps to
    protect the delicate cells that it surrounds.

4
Fibers of Connective Tissue
  • Collagenous
  • Most common fiber found in the body
  • Strong, thick bands organized into bundles,
    composed of ____________ (structural protein).
  • Resist ___________ forces, so they are found in
    tendons and ligaments that are continuously being
    pulled and stretched.
  • wavy appearance when not stretched

5
Fibers of Connective Tissue
  • Reticular
  • Composed of collagen
  • Thin, delicate, ____________ into complicated
    networks.
  • Form support around highly ____________ organs
  • endocrine glands, lymph nodes, spleen, bone
    marrow, liver
  • Elastic
  • Composed primarily of protein ________.
  • Are branched and form networks
  • Can stretch and contract.
  • Found in tissues that stretch vocal cords,
    lungs, skin, blood vessel walls.

6
Major Cell Types of Connective Tissue
  • Fixed Cells
  • Remain in the connective tissue
  • Produce and maintain the __________
  • Fibroblast
  • secrete fibers and ground substance of the matrix
  • Can reproduce and are metabolically active.
  • Name is based on _________.
  • Chondroblast (cartilage), osteoblast (bone), etc.
  • As the cells mature and the matrix is formed,
    cells become less active and suffix is changed to
    _______.
  • Chondrocyte, osteocyte, fibrocyte
  • Can revert back to blast if more matrix is
    needed.

7
Major Cell Types of Connective Tissue
  • Fixed cells continued.
  • Adipose cells/Adipocytes
  • Found throughout connective tissue
  • Resemble fibroblasts early on, but as they age
    they become filled with lipid and swell.
  • __________ gets pushed to the side
  • Adipocytes clustered together form _________
    tissue.
  • found all over, but is prominent under the skin
    and in the abdomen
  • Reticular Cells
  • Flat, star-shaped cells that form net-like
    connections with other cells
  • Manufacture reticular fibers.
  • Found in tissues of the immune system lymph
    nodes, spleen, bone marrow

8
Major Cell Types of Connective Tissue
  • Wandering Cells
  • Move in and out of connective tissue as needed.
  • Help _______ and _________ the tissue
  • Leukoctyes (white blood cells)
  • Found in blood, move into connective tissue
    during periods of infection/inflammation.
  • Squeeze through the simple squamous epithelium of
    blood vessels (diapedesis)
  • Important in immune function- engulf and digest
    invaders or produce antibodies against them
  • Mast cells
  • Carry histamine and heparin granules which
    initiate inflammatory response when released into
    tissue
  • Usually found near blood vessels

9
Major Cell Types of Connective Tissue
  • Wandering cells continued..
  • Macrophages
  • ___________ scavengers that may be either fixed
    or transient in connective tissue.
  • Engulf microbes, dead cells and debris that are
    digested by the macrophages lysosomes
  • drawn to sites of infection where they engulf
    invaders

10
Types of Connective Tissue
  • Connective Tissue Proper
  • Loose Connective Tissue- supports structures that
    it surrounds
  • Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
  • Dense Connective Tissue- highly fibrous
    (collagen) little vascularization, ground
    substance, or cells reinforces and binds
    structures
  • Dense regular, Dense irregular, Elastic
  • Specialized Connective Tissue
  • Cartilage
  • Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
  • Bone
  • Compact, Cancellous
  • Blood

11
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13
Loose Connective Tissue Areolar
  • Most common type of connective tissue
  • Surrounds every organ
  • Acts to support and cushion organs and other
    delicate structures.
  • Predominant cell is ____________.
  • Has _______ spaces that are filled with fluid
    and viscous ground substance
  • Filling of open spaces during trauma is called
    __________

14
Loose Connective Tissue Adipose
  • Commonly known as ________
  • Found beneath skin, in bone marrow, in abdomen
  • Energy storage, insulator, shock absorber
  • Highly vascularized areolar tissue in which
    adipocytes predominate
  • Cells __________/__________ based on amount of
    lipid being stored in them.
  • May be classified as
  • White
  • Found throughout body
  • Adipocytes change from resembling fibroblasts
  • to filling with lipid
  • Brown
  • Found in _________ and ____________ animals
  • Site of heat production, temperature regulation

15
Loose Connective Tissue Reticular
  • Framework for spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone
    marrow
  • Called _________
  • Contains only one type of fiber ___________
  • Many fibroblasts

16
Dense Connective Tissue Regular
  • Makes up tendons and ligaments, fascia
  • Tightly packed,__________ collagen fibers
  • Little vascularization, slow to heal
  • Little ground substance
  • Fibroblasts line the collagen bundles
  • Resists strong pulling forces in _____ direction.

17
Dense Connective Tissue Irregular
  • Found in dermis, organ capsules
  • Forms tough capsule of joints.
  • Collagen fibers in thicker bundles than those in
    dense regular connective tissue.
  • Sheets of collagen in ___________ directions.
  • Single sheet that can withstand pulling force
    from _______ different directions.

18
Dense Connective Tissue Elastic
  • Found in areas of the body that require
    ___________
  • Stomach, artery walls, bladder
  • Beneath transitional epithelium in urinary tract
  • High concentration of elastic fibers (more than
    collagen) that are extremely flexible.

19
Specialized Connective Tissue Cartilage
  • More rigid than dense connective tissue, more
    flexible than bone.
  • Prevents bones from rubbing against each other.
  • Does not contain nerves or blood vessels.
  • Receives nutrition from ________________.
  • Chondrocytes live in pockets called _______
  • 3 types of cartilage
  • Hyaline cartilage, Elastic Cartilage,
    Fibrocartilage

20
Specialized Connective Tissue Types of Cartilage
  • Hyaline Cartilage
  • Most common type of cartilage found in body.
  • Found as ____________ cartilage at end of long
    bones and joints and connects ribs to the
    sternum.
  • Most rigid type of cartilage.
  • Closely packed collagen fibers that make it tough
    but more flexible than bone.
  • Elastic Cartilage
  • Similar to hyaline cartilage but contains
    _________ fibers
  • Give it flexibility, ability to bend
  • Found in pinnae, epiglottis

21
Specialized Connective Tissue Types of Cartilage
  • Fibrocartilage
  • Found between vertebrae, in pelvis, and in knee
    joint
  • Able to handle compression, absorbs ______
  • Thick bundles of collagen, but few chondrocytes

22
Specialized Connective Tissue Bone
  • Also called osseous connective tissue
  • Hardest and most rigid type of connective tissue
  • Structure
  • Matrix collagen fibers and calcium salts
  • ____________- tiny channels through matrix that
    allows osteocytes to communicate
  • _________- chambers where osteocytes reside
  • Blood Supply- __________ canals (channels in bone
    that carry blood supply and nerves)
  • Cells- Osteoclasts and osteoblasts
  • Remodel bone as needed

23
Specialized Connective Tissue Blood
  • Most atypical type of connective tissue.
  • Carries nutrients and gases through the body
  • Matrix _______ (plasma)
  • Fibers few and only visible in a _____
  • Cells
  • Erythrocytes (______ blood cells)
  • Leukocytes (________ blood cells)
  • Thrombocytes (________)
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