A New Industrial Age

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A New Industrial Age
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Expansion of Industry

• Becoming an Industrial Nation
• Factors
• Wealth of natural resources
• Government support for businesses
• Growing urban population
• Cheap labor pool
• New markets for new products

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Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization

• Oil
• Edwin Drake
• Rise of the Refining Industry
• Bessemer Steel
• Iron Plentiful yet not flexible
• Steel Expensive ?
• Bessemer Process
• Cheaper, faster, stronger, BETTER!

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• New uses for steel
• Railroads
• Barbed wire
• Construction- skyscrapers, bridges

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Inventions

• Thomas Edison
• light bulb
• Christopher Sholes
• Typewriter
• Alexander Graham Bell
• telephone

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Furthering Industrialization

• development of the airplane
• expansion of the railroads
• mass production of automobiles
• widespread use of steamboats

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Importance of the Railroads

• Aided Westward Expansion
• Made movement in the West easier, faster, and
  safer
• Employed thousands of immigrants
• Destroyed Buffalo
• Pushed Native Americans to reservations
• Developed Time Zones

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• I've been working on the railroad
• All the live-long day.
• I've been working on the railroad
• Just to pass the time away.
• Don't you hear the whistle blowing,
• Rise up so early in the morn
• Don't you hear the captain shouting,
• "Dinah, blow your horn!"

• What is the song about?
• What is the tone of the song? How do you know
  that?
• What people are mentioned? Who are they?
• What does the song tell us about railroad work?

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The Grange vs. The Railroads

• Charged farmers really high prices
• Misused government land and money
• Kept farmers in debt
• 1st monopoly
• Question
• Should the government regulate?
• Passage of the
• Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

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Philosophies of the late 1800s

• Laissez faire- government should not regulate
  business common practice
• Social Darwinism- applied natural selection to
  evolution of human society
• Success and failure in business and society are
  governed by natural lawno one has the right not
  intervene
• (6.a)

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Andrew Carnegie

• Captain of Steel Industry
• Manufactured more steel than all of Great Britain
• Organized business- vertical integration

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Gospel of Wealth
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Fewer Control More

• Monopolies
• J.P. Morgan (Carnegie Steel)
• John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil Trust)
• Standard Oil Company
• Controlled 90 of refineries
• Philanthropists
• Horizontal Integration

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• Robber Barons-businessmen who used what were
  considered to be exploitative practices to amass
  their wealth. These practices included exerting
  control over natural resources, accruing high
  levels of government influence, paying extremely
  low wages, squashing competition by accruing
  competitors to start monopolies.

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• What kind of stories would McClures have
  published in the 1880s?
• What topics would they have written about?
• Pictures?
• Role of mass media in forming public opinion?

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• Sherman Antitrust Act- 1890 law passed to outlaw
  trusts/ monopolies that interfered with free
  trade

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• Why did women join the workforce?
• What impact did women have on the workforce?
• How were they treated differently from men?

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• What impact did children have on the workforce?
  Why would company owners want to use child labor?
• What role did immigrants play in
  industrialization?

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Labor Unions Emerge

• Issues Workers Faced Daily
• 12 hr. Workday
• 6 days a week
• No Time off (Vacation or Sick)
• No unemployment or Workers Comp
• Unsafe Working Conditions
• Children forced to work
• Tenements(Horrible Living Conditions)

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How the Other Half Lives- Jacob Riis

• Read quote pg. 245
• What was the topic of Riis book?

• As a result of this book, how did the city govt
  improve the lives of the people?

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Read about each UnionDefine each unions
characteristicsDecide why you would join(pg
244-246)
Union Name Characteristics Which would you join?
NLU
CNLU
KNIGHTS OF LABOR
AFL
ARU
IWW
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How does this cartoon relate to unions?
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Labor Union Strikes

• Great Strike of 1877
• Protested Pay Cut
• 50,000 miles of RR work came to halt
• Federal Troops ended itWHY??
• Haymarket Riot of 1886
• Workers Protested treatment
• Bomb went off, killing many
• How did this affect the KofL?

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Labor Union Strikes

• Homestead Strike of 1892
• Steel workers/Pay Cuts
• Pinkertons
• Shootouts!
• Pullman Strike of 1894
• RR Workers/Wage Cuts
• Arbitration
• Federal Troops

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A Fight for the Women

• Equal Pay for Equal Work
• Better Working Conditions
• End of Child Labor
• Mary Harris Jones
• ILGWU
• International Ladies Garment Workers Union
• All Women
• Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

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The Employers Reactions

• Refused to Recognize
• Banned Meetings
• Fired Union Members
• Used yellow dog contracts
• Had Courts siding with companies (claimed they
  were halting commerce)
• Used injunctions against strikes to force
  strikers back to work