Access to citizenship

1
Co-financed by the European Fund for the
Integration of Third-Country Nationals
Access to citizenship its impact on immigrant
integration (ACIT) Citizenship acquisition and
employment of male migrants in Europe

2
Question

• What is the relation between citizenship
  acquisition and paid employment of male migrants?
• Coming soon analyses with female migrants and
  ocupational status

3
Population

• First generation male migrants, aged between 20
  and 65, in EU countries CH NO, but not
  Finland. N24,391
• European Labour Force Survey 2008.
• Standard controls individual destination
  characteristics.
• New 1 Origin region
• New 2 Reasons for migration

4
Positive relation citizenship and employment, but
only in DE, ES, FR SE.
5
In all destination countries positive relation
citizenship and employment, after control for
individual, origin and destination
characteristics, only not in LU.
6
Positive relation between citizenship and
employment is weaker for migrants with lower
educational attainment, controlled for other
characteristics.
7
Relation between citizenship and employment
differs for origin, controlled for other
characteristics.
8
Negative relation between citizenship and
employment for migrants with a secured job before
migration, controlled for all characteristics.
Positive relation for migrants with study, asylum
family reasons
9
Relation between citizenship and employment is
stronger for migrants in destination countries
with less restrictions to citizenship (MIPEX)
10
Conclusions I

• Positive relation citizenship and employment, but
  not for
• Low educated migrants
• Migrants with employment before migrating.
• EU, EFTA North-American migrants.
• Migrants in destination countries with low access
  to citizenship.

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Positive relation between citizenship and
employment is stronger for migrants who have
acquired destination citizenship faster
12
Conclusion II

• Speed of acquisition of citizenship positive
  related with employment
• Strongest for migrants from EU, EFTA North
  America

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Concluding remarks

• Unmeasured common background citizenship
  acquisition employment.
• Men women have different results.
• Employment ? Occupational status.