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Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System

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Title: Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System


1
Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System on
the Compilation of Gender Statistics
By Romulo A. Virola and Jessamyn O.
Encarnacion National Statistical Coordination
Board
Global Forum on Gender Statistics 26-28 January
2009, Accra, Ghana
2
Outline of the Presentation
  1. Introduction
  2. The Philippine System of National Accounts
  3. Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of
    Women in the Economy
  4. Estimation Methodology
  5. Results and Highlights
  6. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations

3
I. Introduction
  • From 2000 to 2003, women accounted for the second
    largest number of poor population (after the
    children)

Magnitude of poor women Poverty Incidence ()
2000 12.2 million 32.3
2003 11.6 million 29.0
  • Gender differential still remains as an issue in
    economic participation
  • Economic participation - 80 for men versus 50
    for women in 2006
  • Employment rate - 74 for men versus 46 for
    women in 2005
  • Poses a challenge to the country in achieving
    Goal 3 of the MDGs

4
I. Introduction
  • 2000 pilot time use survey shows that men are
    more economically empowered spending longer
    hours on economic activities than women
  • Gender inequality in economic participation
  • Need for information on womens and mens
    contribution to the economy

5
I. Introduction
  • Past efforts on the generation of satellite
    accounts
  • a. Measuring The Contribution of Women To The
  • Philippine Economy by Romulo A. Virola and
    Sylvia M. de Perio (1998)
  • b. Womens Contribution To The Economy by
    Romulo
  • A. Virola (1999)
  • Renewed calls for the NSCB to value womens
    unpaid work

6
II. The PSNA
The PSNA Framework and Production Boundary
7
II. The PSNA
  • Non-Market Services (unaccounted activities)
    include the
  • following (from SNA 1993, par. 6.4 )
  • Cleaning, decoration and maintenance of the
    dwelling unit
  • Cleaning, servicing and repair of household
    durable goods, including vehicles
  • Preparation and serving of meals
  • d. Care, training and instruction of children
  • Care of sick, infirm or old and
  • Transportation of members of the household or
    their goods

8
II. The PSNA
  • Women usually produce the non-market services
    (unaccounted activities) in their households
  • To adequately measure womens contribution in
    society
  • - means expanding the definition of the SNA
    production boundary to include non-market services

9
II. The PSNA
Possible underestimation
1. Outside the SNA Production Boundary -
non-market services in households 2. Within the
SNA Production Boundary a. Women in the
entertainment industry b. Women engaged in
household operations c. Women engaged in
household-based agricultural production
10
III. Efforts on the Measurement of the
Contribution of Women in the Economy
  1. Efforts in the International Community

11
III. Efforts on the Measurement of the
Contribution of Women in the Economy
Cont
12
III. Efforts on the Measurement of the
Contribution of Women in the Economy
  • 2. Efforts in the Philippine Statistical System
  • a. Measuring The Contribution of Women To The
  • Philippine Economy by Romulo A. Virola and
    Sylvia M. de Perio (1998)
  • b. Womens Contribution To The Economy by
    Romulo
  • A. Virola (1999)
  • 3. United Nations Position
  • In the 1993 SNA domestic and personal services
    produced for own final consumption within
    households are still excluded in the estimation
    of the GDP

13
IV. Estimation Methodology
  • Taking off from the methodology used by Virola
    and de Perio in 1998
  • Using updated parameters from the results of the
    2000 TUS.

a/ Used in the 1998 study of Virola and de
Perio b/ Used in this study c/ Details of the
original were 1) rescaled to add up to 24
hours (1 day) and 2) weighted using urban (for
Quezon City) and rural (for Batangas) population
as weights.
14
IV. Estimation Methodology
  • GDP by Sex
  • a. Using Total Employment (from LFS)
  • b. Using Total Hours Worked (from LFS)
  • - Data from the LFS was used as weights
  • - Used hours deemed to be more reflective of
    the quantity of participation of women or men
    in the labor force

15
IV. Estimation Methodology
  • NFIA by sex
  • a. Net Compensation
  • - remittances by sex in the SOF was used as
    weights.
  • b. Net Property Income
  • - allocated equally to men and women due to
    unavailability of an allocation basis
  • GNP by sex
  • - simply the sum of GDP and NFIA by sex

16
IV. Estimation Methodology
  • Multiplied by the total number of employed,
    unemployed and those outside the labor force from
    the LFS

17
IV. Estimation Methodology
Methods Used in Valuation of Unpaid Work
Method Monetary value used in this study Labor force participation
1. Opportunity Cost (OC) Mean compensation per employee Employed
2. Market Price (MP) Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
Generalist Janitor Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
Specialist N/A Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
Minimum Wage Minimum wage Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
18
IV. Estimation Methodology
  • Unpaid household and community services by sex
    was estimated using the same procedures except
    total time spent in community services was
    included
  • Direct estimation of unpaid household was used in
    computing for the self-valuation results

19
V. Results and Highlights
  • Accounting for Unpaid Work, Conventional GDP
    Increases by 66.2 Percent!

20
V. Results and Highlights
  • Womens Contribution to GDP increased by 8
    Percentage Points

21
V. Results and Highlights
  • Women Account for 59.6 Percent of the Total Hours
    of Unpaid Work!

22
V. Results and Highlights
  • Women Not in the Labor Force Account for More
    than Half of the Total Value of Unpaid Work of
    Women!

23
V. Results and Highlights
  • Women Accounted for only 27.4 while Men was
    higher with 72.6 Percent of the Total NFIA!

24
V. Results and Highlights
  • Women Contributed 46.2 Percent of the Adjusted
    GNP!

25
V. Results and Highlights
  • New Estimates of Unpaid Work Almost Doubled!

26
V. Results and Highlights
  • Unpaid Work is Higher if Self-Valuation is Used!

27
VI. Concluding remarks and recommendations
  • Methodology needs improvement
  • Data limitations of the PSS
  • 3. Financial and manpower constraints of the
    NSCB
  • 4. Reports appear to be comparable to other
    countries
  • Better appreciation from international community
    will benefit the efforts to value unpaid work in
    the SNA

28
VI. Concluding remarks and recommendations
  • 6. Users should recognize the benefits from the
    generation of statistics and it will be helpful
    if they are able to demonstrate actual policy
    uses of statistics.
  • Need for statistical capacity building of the
    producers, users and the providers of statistics.
  • The Government thru the DBM and Congress should
    realize that statistics will play a the critical
    role in the global competition among
    knowledge-based economies in the Third
    Millennium.

29
Maraming Salamat po! URL http//www.nscb.gov.ph
e-mail info_at_nscb.gov.ph
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