BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology

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BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology

• Today
• Course Organization
• Intro to Cellular Physiology
• Next Lecture
• Intro to Nervous system organization and the
  neuron

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BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology
Endocrine
Nerve
Muscle
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Course Organization

• Bryan Stewart, Ph.D.
• Lectures
• Tuesday Thursday
• 12 noon (Lec 01)
• 1 pm (Lec 02)
• My Office Hours
• Tuesday 2-3 pm Wed 11am-12 noon, S540C
• By appointment
• Tutorial time slots

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Teaching Assistant

• Afshan Ghesmy-Bahkt
• Office hours TBA

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Course Organization

• Tutorials
• every third Thursday 5-7 pm alternating with
  BGYB10 and BGYB50
• BGYB30 Tutorials
• September 9 - cancelled
• September 30
• October 21
• November 11
• Question Answers
• Extended Office Hours

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Course Organization
Communications

• Email bgyb30_at_utsc.utoronto.ca
• I cannot answer course related email sent to my
  regular email address

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Course Organization
Communications

• The Intranet Webpage
• Syllabus
• Announcements
• Lecture notes

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Course Organization
Lecture Notes

• I will try to post lectures 24 hrs in advance
• I reserve the right to add or delete material
  from the posted notes during the lecture

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Course Organization

• Textbook
• Eckert Animal Physiology 5th Edition, 2001
  by Randall, Bruggren, French, W.H. Freeman and
  Company.
• All material will be covered in lectures and the
  text will supplement lectures
• Lecture Topics and sections of the textbook will
  be posted to webpage

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Course Organization

• Evaluation
• Mid-term 40 of final mark
• Final exam 60 of final mark
• Multiple choice questions
• Short Answer questions
• The final will be comprehensive covering all of
  the course material

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About me

• BSc 1990
• University of Guelph
• MSc 1991, PhD 1996
• University of Toronto, Dept of Physiology
• Fellowships
• 1996-1998 Stanford University
• 1998-2001 The Hospital for Sick Children
• Professor at UTSC since July 2001

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About me..

• Research Interests
• Neurophysiology
• Synaptic Transmission
• Neuromuscular development
• I use fruit flies as a model system to study the
  molecular mechanisms used in neural function and
  development

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Course Goals

• Understand the underlying mechanisms that
  contribute to nerve, muscle, and endocrine
  function
• Understand the cellular basis for higher order
  physiological systems
• Appreciate the experimental foundations of
  physiological knowledge

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Teaching Philosophy

• organize material
• explain (hopefully) why it is interesting
• Present a model for how to learn the material
• But it is up to you to learn it!

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Mamalian Physiology

• Major Course Topics
• Neurophysiology
• Muscle Physiology
• Endocrinology
• Why these three?
• Together these systems sense and respond to the
  environment

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Physiology

• Physiology the branch of biology that studies
  how living things function, especially with
  respect to the physical and chemical phenomena
  that are used.
• THAT MEANS
• A little physics, a little chemistry, a little
  anatomy

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Physiology

• Asks fundamental questions about how things work
• My emphasis is on the cellular level

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Intro to Cellular Physiology
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Intro to Cellular Physiology

• The cellular plasma membrane
• Composed of phospholipids proteins
• Selectively permeable barrier

• Lets essential molecules IN
• Lets waste products OUT
• Maintains cell integrity

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Permeability of pure phospholipid
Gases O2,CO2
Ethanol
H20
Ions Na, K, Ca2 Sugars Glucose Amino
Acids ATP
Phospholipid bilayer
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• Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the
  Plasma Membrane

1A ATP-powered pump
1B Transporters
out
in
ATP ADP Pi
A Uniporter
B Symporter
C Antiporter
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• Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the
  Plasma Membrane

2 Ion Channels
ligand
Membrane voltage
A Voltage -gated
B Ligand -gated
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Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the
Plasma Membrane
3 G-Protein Coupled Receptors
Signal transduction
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Transmembrane Protein
Example

1. ATP-powered pump
2. Transporters
3. Voltage-gated ion channel
4. Ligand-gated ion channel
5. G-protein couple receptor

• Na/K pump
• Glucose Transporter
• Na channel, K channel
• Neurotransmitter receptor
• Neurotransmitter Hormone receptors

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Distinctions

• Pumps and transporters
• basal cell function
• Ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors
• excitation and inhibition of cell function

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Question from 2002 final exam

• Identify three major groups of transmembrane
  proteins discussed in class, indicate how they
  function, and give examples of how they act to
  stimulate and inhibit cellular physiology.

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• Next Lecture
• Introduction to Nervous System
• Organization of the nervous system
• The neuron