NEW INDUSTRIAL LOCATIONS

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NEW INDUSTRIAL LOCATIONS

• Silicon Glen

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• In the United States it's called the Silicon
  Valley, but in Scotland it's called Silicon Glen.
  
• The big electronic companies like IBM,NEC, WANG
  and Motorola were attracted to Scotland by
  government-provided financial and material
  inducements.
• By the 1980's there was a big enough
  concentration of electronics firms in Scotland's
  Central Belt to merit a nickname Silicon Glen.
• The new jobs created here replaced those
  haemorrhaging from the traditional industries of
  coal, steel and shipbuilding. The demolition of
  Ravenscraig steel mill in 1996 was symbolic of
  the near death of Scottish heavy industry.

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Choice of location

• Government policies
• IBM at Greenock Fig 9.6
• Road network
• Universities
• workforce

The Alba Centre, Livingston In the heart of
Silicon Glen, this modern business park has many
technology companies in residence. This building
has Epson Design and Motorola's Global Software
Group.
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Types of economy

• Scewdriver- basic assembly
• Knowledge- research

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• In 1996 the new electronics sector produced 35
  of Europe's PCs and 12 of the world's
  semi-conductors and directly employed 55,000
  people.
• The heavy dependency on electronics manufacturing
  hit Silicon Glen hard after the collapse of the
  hi-tech economy in 2000. National Semiconductor,
  Motorola and Chunghwa all laid off substantial
  numbers of employees or closed factories
  completely.
• Since then the Glen has been losing jobs as
  companies look to cut costs by moving production
  overseas, particularly to eastern Europe and
  China.
• Emphasis has now moved away from the assembly to
  a balance of manufacture and research, e.g.
  circuit boards and pcs.Cadence in Livingstone is
  an example, p298.

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Notes to include

• Location of Silicon Glen and its factors for its
  location especially role of government
• Main characteristics of industry here- see
  Diagram 9.56 p310.
• Changes that have occurred (Dia 9.56 p310
  summarises this well).

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Enterprise Zones

• An area that became known as an Enterprise zone
  could offer
• Special tax allowances
• Fewer planning controls and simplified planning
  procedures.
• This made areas very attractive to many
  high-tech, foreign firms.
• Many industrial estates/business parks were
  created as a result of EZs
• http//www.channel4.com/news/budget-enterprise-zon
  es-on-the-way-back

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Britain's assisted areas
10. North East Lancs11. Salford12.
Glanford13. Scunthorpe14. Wakefield15.
Rotherham16. Speke17. Delyn18. Milford Haven

• KEY 1. Invergordon2. Tayside3. Clydebank4.
  Londonderry5. Belfast6. Workington7.
  Tyneside8. Hartlepool9. Middlesborough

• 19. Swansea20. Telford21. Dudley22. Corby23.
  Wellingborough24. Isle of Dogs25. North West
  Kent

Name areas 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 19 , 23 and 24 on your
map
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OLD INDUSTRIAL LOCATIONS

• Scottish Iron and Steel Industry Ravenscraig

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In the 1980s, the biggest Steelworks in Scotland
were found in Motherwell Ravenscraig.

• It was an integrated steelworks i.e. it had an
  ironworks and steelworks on the same site

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Location of Ravenscraig

• Central Scotland, where Motherwell is located was
  not an ideal location for a steel works.
• Ravenscraig, the last big steelworks, was inland
  and therefore had extra costs in transporting the
  iron ore and coal by rail

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British Steel closed down Ravenscraig in 1992.

• It caused massive unemployment in the area,
• Jobs in industries which used the steel also were
  faced with job loses, as they had to look to
  obtain dearer steel.
• Standards of living for those living in the area
  fell as income dropped.
• It affected shops, leisure facilities and other
  organisations.
• Many people had to leave the area in search of
  new employment.

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In 1992, the closure of the Ravenscraig steel
works signified the end of 30 years of steel
making in Scotland.

• The European Structural Funds have played a
  significant part in helping the government to
  tackle industrial restructuring over a number of
  years, With around 23 million of European money
  being invested.

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The New Ravenscraig

• Set in the heart of Scotlands Central Belt in
  North Lanarkshire, Ravenscraig will be the
  countrys first new town in more than 50 years.

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This is one of the largest regeneration projects
in Europe, covering 450 hectares (1,125 acres) -
an area equivalent to 13 London Canary Wharfs,
700 football pitches or twice the size of Monaco.
Ravenscraig will become home to over 10,000
people, and is expected to create 12,000 jobs and
attract in excess of 1.2 billion of private
sector investment over the next 15 to 20 years.
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• This is one of the largest regeneration projects
  in Europe, covering 450 hectares (1,125 acres) -
  an area equivalent to 13 London Canary Wharfs,
  700 football pitches or twice the size of
  Monaco.Ravenscraig will become home to over
  10,000 people, and is expected to create 12,000
  jobs and attract in excess of 1.2 billion of
  private sector investment over the next 15 to 20
  years.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v7Jv1KE6362I

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A project of national significance, Ravenscraig
will provide many local and national benefits -
it will lead to the construction of

• Around 3,500 new homes A new town centre with
  84,000 sq m of retail and leisure space. Major
  parkland areas

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• A new transport network New sports facility A
  new college campus Two New schools.

an athletics hall featuring a track and
field/ dance studios outdoor football and
training pitches / a strength conditioning area
a café
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• A new college campus
• includes a teaching block, workshop block for
  engineering students, nursery , conference
  facilities, a public learning centre, performing
  arts space and a job shop.

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• Up to 216,000 sq m of business and industrial
  space

Scottish innovation park which will be used as a
housing demonstration project incorporating new
technology in energy performance and
sustainability such as the use of groundbreaking
technologies such as wind turbines, rainwater
harvesting, heat recovery systems and recycled
waste timber within individual homes.
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Notes to include

1. Situation- what factors important in its location
   and growth. Mention existing infrastructure, raw
   materials such as coal, iron ore and strip steel,
   the site itself.
2. Its importance to local area-jobs, and innovation
   and the effects of its closure (deindustrialisatio
   n) (see newspaper extracts). Diagram on p309
   shows some of the effects of deindustrialisation
3. Notes on the regeneration of the area- what are
   the proposals?