????1

1
????????????????????????????

• ????1,2
• ????1William W. Maddux3

(1?????????????, 2???????, 3Northwestern
University ??? INSEAD )
2
??

• ?? ??????????????????????(???????)????????
• ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????

3
??(1/3)

• ?????????
• ?????????????????????????????????(e.g., Triandis,
  1995)?
• ???
• Oyserman et al. (2002) ????? ????????????????????
  ?????
• ?????????????????????????????????(Brewer Yuki,
  in press Yuki, 2003)

4
??(2/3)2???????(Brewer Yuki, in press Yuki,
2003)

• ???? ????????
• ???????????????????????
• ??????????????????

• ?? ????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????(?????????????)???

???
???
?
?
5
??(3/3)????

• ????Maddux(2004)
• ????????
• ????????????????(???????)??????????????????????(??
  ?????)???

???(2004)??? (?????? ?????)
6
??????????????????????

• ???????? ???????????(Frank Cook, 1995)
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????? ? ??????????????????
• ? ?????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ????????????????????(Probst et al.,
  1999)?????????????? ? ????????????????(i.e.
  ???????)???

7
??????Initial Test

• ??????? ????????????(???????)??????
• ?????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????????????

8
??(1/3)

• ???
• ?? ????????60?(??35???25?)
• US ?????????????54?(??23???31?)
• ???
• ????????? (???(2004)???????????)
• ?????????
• ?????????
• ????7??(1 ?????????7 ????????)
• as gt .70

9
??(2/3)

• ???????????????(???(2004)?????)
• ?????????????????????????
• ?????????
• ??????????????????????????????
• ??? ?????????????????????????????????????(?6??)
• ?????????(Brown et al., 1992)
• ???????????????????????????????
• ??? ????????????????????????????????????????(?5??
  )

10
??(3/3)

• ?????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ???????????????
• ????????? ? ????
• ???????? ? ?????
• ??? ????????????????????????????????(?5??)

11
??(1) ???????

• ???(2004)??????
• ??????? ???US
• ??????? USgt??

??????? USgt??
12
??(2) ????
???????
.64
???????
? (0??, 1US)
????????????????????
? ???ß
13
??(2) ????
???????
? (0??, 1US)
???????
.39
? ???ß
14
??(2) ????
???????
(.64 ? ).57
.26
? (0??, 1US)
???????
(.39 ? ) .24
Sobel test z 2.64, p .008
????????????? ????????????(????)??
? ???ß
15
??

• ???????? ???(2004)??????
• ??????? ???US
• ??????? USgt??
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ? ????????????????????????????Oyserman et al.
  (2002) ??????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????
• ? ???????? ????????????

16
??????

• ?????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????? ? ?????????
• ?? ????????????????????????????????????
• ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???

17
????????????????????????????

• ????1,2
• takemura_at_lynx.let.hokudai.ac.jp
• ????1William W. Maddux3

(1?????????????, 2???????, 3Northwestern
University ??? INSEAD )
18
References

• Brewer, M.B., Yuki, M. (in press). Culture and
  social identity. In S. Kitayama D. Cohen
  (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology. Guilford
  Press.
• Brown, R., Hinkle, S., Ely, P.G., Fox-Cardamone,
  D.L., Maras, P., Taylor, L.A. (1992).
  Recognizing group diversity Individualist-collect
  ivist and autonomous-relational social
  orientations and their implications for
  intergroup processes. British Journal of Social
  Psychology, 31, 327-342.
• Buchan, N.R., Croson, R., Johnson, E.J. (2003).
  Lets get personal An international examination
  of the influence of communication, culture, and
  social distance on trust and trustworthiness.
  (Working paper). University of Wisconsin,
  Madison.
• Frank, R.H. Cook, P.J. (1995). The
  Winner-take-all society How more and more
  Americans compete for ever fewer and bigger
  prizes, encouraging economic waste, income
  inequality, and an impoverished cultural life.
  New York Free Press. (?? ?(??)(1998).
  ?????????? ???????????? ???????)
• Heine, S.J., Lehman, D.R. (1997). The cultural
  construction of self-enhancement An examination
  of group-serving biases. Journal of Personality
  and Social Psychology, 72, 1268-1283.

19
References

• Oyserman, D., Coon, H.M., Kemmelmeier, M.
  (2002). Rethinking individualism and
  collectivism Evaluation of theoretical
  assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological
  Bulletin, 128, 3-72.
• Probst, T.M., Carnevale, P.J., Triandis, H.C.
  (1999). Cultural values in intergroup and
  single-group social dilemmas. Organizational
  Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 77,
  171-191.
• Snibbe, A.C., Kitayama, S., Markus, H.R.,
  Suzuki, T. (2003). They saw a game A Japanese
  and American (football) field study. Journal of
  Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 581-595.
• Triandis, H.C. (1995). Individualism
  collectivism. Boulder Westview Press. (????????
  (?)(2002). ????????? 2??????????????? ?????)
• ????????William W. Maddux (2004).
  ??????????????? 2??????????? ???????68????????,
  240.
• ???? (1998). ????? ???????????? ???????

20
References

• Yuki, M. (2003). Intergroup comparison versus
  intragroup relationships A cross-cultural
  examination of social identity theory in North
  American and East Asian cultural contexts. Social
  Psychology Quarterly, 66, 166-183.
• Yuki, M., Maddux, W.W., Brewer, M.B., Takemura,
  K. (2005). Cross-cultural differences in
  relationship- and group-based trust. Personality
  and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 48-62.

21
Appendix

• ?????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????

22
Appendix

• ?????????
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????

23
Appendix

• ?????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????