History and Government

1
History and Government
Southeast Asia
2
Early Empires

• The empires of Southeast Asia developed around
  strategic ports about 2,000 years ago.
• By the time of the Renaissance, the islands of
  Java and Sumatra had already enjoyed a 1,000-year
  heritage of advanced civilization spanning two
  major empires. During the 7th-14th centuries, the
  Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya flourished on
  Sumatra.

3

• Beginning in 1602, the Dutch slowly established
  themselves as rulers of present-day Indonesia,
  exploiting the weakness of the small kingdoms.
• The only exception was East Timor, which
  remained under Portugal until 1975. During 300
  years of Dutch rule, the Dutch developed the
  Netherlands East Indies into one of the world's
  richest colonial possessions.

4

• During the first decade of the 20th century, an
  Indonesian independence movement began and
  expanded rapidly, particularly between the two
  World Wars. Its leaders came from a small group
  of young professionals and students, some of whom
  had been educated in the Netherlands.
• The Japanese occupied Indonesia for 3 years
  during World War II. On August 17, 1945, 3 days
  after the Japanese surrender to the Allies a
  small group of Indonesians proclaimed
  independence and established the Republic of
  Indonesia

5
Western Influences

• European countries and the United States wanted
  influence in the region in order to gain access
  to its natural resources.
• Western influences lasted until the 1900s.
• Portugal
• Spain
• Great Britain
• France
• United Empire
• Netherlands

6
Great Britains Influence

• By the mid 1900s, Great Britain had established
  its influence in the following Southeast Asian
  countries
• Brunei
• Myanmar
• Malaysia
• Singapore

7
French Influence

• France ruled present day Cambodia, Vietnam and
  Laos

8
Dutch and Spanish Influence

• The Netherlands colonized the islands of
  Indonesia and Spain ruled the Philippines until
  they were later acquired by the United States
  after the Spanish-American War

9
Changes and Modernization

• Westerners expanded tin mining and oil drilling.
  They also took over the farmland in order to
  establish large rice, coffee and rubber
  plantations.
• They used these resources to boost their own
  economies not the economies of Southeast Asia.

10
Independence and Conflict

• During WWII, Japan forced the Western nations out
  of Southeast Asia as they attempted to establish
  a Japanese empire.
• After Japans defeat in 1945, western powers
  tried to regain control of the area but the
  Southeast Asians demanded their freedom.

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Governments Today

• Three types of governments are represented in
  Southeast Asia
• Republics- Indonesia, Singapore and
  Philippines
• Constitutional Monarchies Brunei,
  Malaysia, Cambodia and Thailand\
  
• Socialist Republics Vietnam, Laos and
  Myanmar

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Did You Know

• Bangkok, the capital of Thailand has over 300
  Buddhist Temples

13
More Facts

• Cambodia has faced almost constant warfare since
  1960.
• Thailand is the only nation in Southeast Asia
  that has never been ruled by a Western power.

14
Physical Geography

• Vietnam is composed of two river deltas. The
  Mekong River delta is at the southern end of the
  country while the Hong (Red) River delta is at
  the Northern end.

15
Singapore

• Singapore consists of one main island and more
  than 50 offshore inlets. Most of Singapore lies
  near sea level.

16
Malaysia

• The country of Malaysia lies partly on the Malay
  Peninsula and partly on the island of Borneo.

17
Laos

• Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast
  Asia. The Mekong River flows through Laos
  providing the people with their main means of
  transportation

18
Indonesia

• Indonesia consists of more than 13,600 islands.
  They lie along the equator and stretch for more
  than 3,000 miles

19
Philippines

• The Philippines consists of more than 7,000
  islands. The 11 largest islands make up 95 of
  the country.

20
Population Patterns

• Most people in Cambodia and Laos live along the
  Mekong River
• About 65 of Bruneis people live in urban areas.
• About 4/5ths of Thailands population live in
  rural areas.

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More Population Facts

• Indonesias population is around 190 million
  making it the 4th most populated country in the
  world after China, India and the United States.
• Only about 900 of the 7,000 Philippine islands
  are inhabited
• About half of the Philippine population of 65
  million live on the island of Luzon.

22
Natural Resources

• Brunei natural gas, petroleum
• Myanmar 80 of the worlds teakwood, gemstones
• Thailand rubber and tin, gemstones
• Cambodia rice, gemstones
• Singapore tourism
• Malaysia rubber and palm oil

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The End