Living in South Asia

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Living in South Asia

• Ch. 25.1

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Agriculture

• 60 are in agriculture (India/ Bangladesh)
• Mostly subsistence farming
• Large use of animal power
• Plowing, waterwheels, work of tractor
• Dependent on rainfall

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Agriculture

• Terracing in the highlands
• Fruit orchards in Pakistan
• Rice in Bangladesh/India (4th/2nd in world)
• Small farms in India
• Fertility, rain season for Ganges Plain
• Huge tea/rubber/coconut plantations in Sri Lanka
  (thanks Europe)
• S.L. now has to import many foods

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Green Revolution

• Background cause Bengal Famine in 40s
• pop. grew faster than food production
• Urban boom ? increased prices
• No govnt support
• 1967-1978 want to increase and diversify crops
• India can now store and export grains (means it
  has excess)
• Issues Monsoons (wet or dry) interrupt cycles
  modernization costs

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Industries

• Indias economy- after independence in 1947 ?
  socialist (more govnt control)
• Expanded home industry to be self-sufficient
  (slow growth for decades)
• But in 1990s, economic crisis led to market
  economy? consumerism skyrocketed (2nd to U.S.)

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Industries

• Textiles are huge (38 million workers)
• Grew out of history of cottage industries (employ
  workers in home)
• Gandhi used spinning wheel as symbol of strength
  independence for India (self-reliance)

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Industries

• Mining and fishing are still prevalent
• Bang. commercial fishers vs. local
• Iron steel are major heavy industries
• Ship Breaking? dismantle and melt down old ships

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Chittagong, Bang.
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Industries

• High-Technology Sector- computer, communications,
  aerospace, software
• Bangalore Hyderabad Indias Silicon Valley
• India is 2nd largest exporter of software
• ? Mix this with English and

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Outsourcing/Offshoring

• Transfer of management or production to another
  country
• Lower labor energy costs
• Efficient land use
• Foundations for global expansion
• India is known for call centers, but that is
  w/ higher educ.

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Tourism

• Come to hike, hunt in Himalayas
• See Indias temples festivals (millions of ppl
  per year)
• But religious, and political violence is causing
  a drop in tourism (S.L., Kashmir)
• Some restrict tourists to preserve environ.
• Bhutan ( lt5,000 tourist visas ea. year)

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Whats the Problem?

• Labor Force of India
• Agriculture 60
• Industry 12
• Services 28

• Gross Domestic Product
• Agriculture 20
• Industry 19
• Services 61