Philosophical Research:

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Philosophical Research

• What is this mumbo, jumbo stuff?

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• What most people think
• Poorly understood and not highly valued.

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Why?

• Rise in empirical science
• onset of related doubts about reflective,
  reason-based procedures
• lack of consensus among contemporary philosophers
  about proper research goals and strategies

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Yet,

• Recognition for the need of reflective,
  philosophical insights related to movement
  activity, teacher education practices, and so
  forth may be growing...

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Philosophy The Mother of all Sciences

• Philosophic and empirical can be complimentary.

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Fundamental goal

• Examine reality by using reflective procedures
• can address questions empiricists cannot

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Empirical science

• Approach the phenomenon by looking through
  microscopes at muscle tissue, collecting
  respiratory or blood pressure data, by employing
  statistical procedures to determine strengths of
  possible causal relationships.

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Philosophers

• Reflect on education practices, counseling
  practices, recreation, and exercise and uses such
  things as ideas and ideals, meanings, lived
  experience, values, logical relationships, and
  reasons in attempting to shed some light on it.

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Scope of questioning

• Empiricists gather all information and data
  possible on exercise health...

• Philosophers questions still remain Why should
  we exercise?
• To live longer?
• To live better?
• Both?

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For education

• Empiricists gather all information and data
  possible on teaching methods, learning
  strategies, outcomes.

• Philosophers questions still remain
• Who should be taught?
• What should they be taught?
• Who should teach?

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Philosophers

• Nothing lies outside realm of legitimate inquiry
• Integrates, questions, investigates
• Is never satisfied.

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• Which is more important? To live longer or
  quality of life?
• How do we determine quality of life?
• Which is more important? To teach for content or
  life long learning?
• How do we determine life long learning?

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Philosophic needed because

• Empirical research is incomplete.
• For example

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• A better empirical understanding of various
  physiological mechanisms, coupled with more
  sophisticated information on exercise as a
  physiological stressor helps us predict and
  control outcomes of an active lifestyle.

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• But because of human condition
• Human exercise is complex event.
• relationship is tenuous at best

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But, what is it Doc?

• The deliberate and rational attempt to
  understand both the whole and parts of ones
  experience in both the subjective and objective
  to form a more perfect life. Tillich

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Branches of Philosophy

• Metaphysics
• Axiology
• Epistemology
• Logics

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Metaphysical

• The study of the nature of reality
• Why does man play?
• What should we teach?
• Who should teach?
• What is exercise science, physical education,
  kinesiology?
• What is competition?

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Epistemology

• The study of the origin, nature, methods , and
  limits of knowledge
• How do we know?
• What do we know?
• How do we know that what we know is what we know?
• How do we learn through education, through sport,
  through play?

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Axiology

• The study of values Aesthetics ethics
• What do we value?
• What is beautiful? Ugly?
• Why do we cheat?
• What is of value of education?
• What is of value of exercise fitness?

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Logics

• The study of the nature of of exact thought
• seldom studied in the sport world but methods are
  used in analysis
• induction particulars to general
• deduction general to particular
• syllogism if p q q r then p r.

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Examples of Schools of Philosophy

• Idealism world of the mind
• Realism world of nature science
• Pragmatism world of experience
• Existentialism world of existing

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Methodologies

• Speculation the most difficult
• ponders
• Normative systematic, coherent plan--stated
  position
• Analytical analyze, clarify, linguistic
  analysis--does not take sides.