Cell Biology Overview

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Cell Biology Overview

• The Cell Theory
• Microscopes
• Cell Membranes
• Energy Conversion
• (aka cellular respiration)

• Cell Growth and Division
• Cell Movement
• Cell Organization / Protein Synthesis
• Cell Specialization

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Cell Biology

• a brief history

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Robert Hooke18 July 1635 3 March 1703

• Greatest experimental scientist of 17th century
• Inventor
• Contemporary of Newton
• Member of the Royal Society

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Mr Hookes Cells
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Anton LeeuwenhoekOctober 24, 1632 - August 26,
1723 
"Whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have
thought it my duty to put down my discovery on
paper, so that all ingenious people might be
informed thereof."
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First peek
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Animicule Drawings
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Anton Leeuwenhoek
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Matthias Schleiden 5 April 1804 - 23 June 1881

• botanist
• used microscope in his studies
• proposed that all plants are made up of cells

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Theodore Schwann 7 December 1810 - January 1882

• physiologist
• defined metabolism
• discovered pepsin
• studied nervous system
• proposed that all animals are made up of cells

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Rudolf Virchow 1821-1902

• physician
• father of pathology
• disease occurred in cells
• extended cell theory -

"Omnis cellula e cellula"... All cells only
arise from pre-existing cells".
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Classic Cell Theory
3. Cells come from cells
2. All animals are made up of cells
1. All plants are made up of cells
Rudolf Virchow
Theodore Schwann
Matthias Schleiden
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Invasion of the Organelles!!

• Lynn Margulis
• 1938 2011
• attended U Chicago at age 14
• UMass Professor
• proposed Endosymbiotic Theory
• one of the greatest advances in the theory of
  evolutionary biology

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The Appearance of Eukaryotes
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Modern Cell Theory

• Same biomolecules in organisms of similar species
  .
• Some organisms are made up of only one cell -
  unicellular organisms.
• Others are multicellular organisms.
• The activity of an organism depends on the
  activity of its cells.

• Fundamental unit of structure and function in
  plants and animals.
• Arise from pre-existing cells by cell division.
• Energy flow (chemical reactions) occurs within.
• Contain hereditary information, passed from cell
  to cell during cell division.

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Abiogenesis
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Current Thinking . . .

• Abiogenesis (RNA or polypeptides 1st)
• Chem autotrophs (bacteria and archaea)
• use CO2 and chemical energy
• Bacteria develop primitive photosynthesis
• Cyanobacteria split water to form oxygen gas as
  a waste product
• Endosymbiosis

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Cell Biology

• Tools

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Microscopes - I

• Phase Contrast Microscope

• Simple Light Microscope

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Microscopes - 2

• Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

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Microscopes - 3
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Compound Microscope Partslets sketch!