Summing Up/Looking Ahead

1
Summing Up/Looking Ahead
2
Exam Foci

• Theories
• Models
• Actors/relationships
• Issues/debates/tensions
• Trajectories

3
Looking Back Pre-Midterm

• Forces of globalization
• Types of globalization
• Relts. between globalization, media and
  development WST, ECT, Rostows economic growth
  model
• International actors (IGOs, NGOs, MNCs TNMCs,
  etc.)
• NWICO

4
Forces of Globalization

• Cultural
• Social
• Technological
• Religious

• Economic
• Environmental
• Political
• Physical

5
Types of globalization

• Type 1? Thick Globalization
• Hi extensity, hi intensity, hi velocity, hi
  impact.
• Type 2 ? Diffused Globalization
• Hi extensity, hi intensity, hi velocity, low
  impact
• Type 3 ? Expansive Globalization
• Hi extensity, low intensity, low velocity, hi
  impact.
• Type 4 ? Thin Globalization
• Hi extensity, low intensity, low velocity, low
  impact

6
Looking Back (Pre-Midterm cont.)

• Globalization ICT/Media industries
• Intl news production
• Broadcast Satellite TV industry
• Cable TV industry
• Music industry
• Advertising Public relations industry

7
In view of all youve learned in this course

• Which type of globalization best characterizes
  the ICT/media industry worldwide today? Why?
• How would you represent the causal relationships
  between the 8 factors of globalization today?
  Why?

8
Summing Up Post-Midterm

• Characteristics of global economics
• Global communication governance/policy
• Key actors
• Policy issues
• Policy agendas/perspectives
• Core zone vs. other zones
• Neoliberal vs. humanitarian

9
Summing Up Post-Midterm (cont.)

• ICTs in developing countries
• Challenges in ICT diffusion (ICTD)
• Challenges in studying ICTD
• Tenets of the SRS framework
• Contributions of the strategic restructuring
  framework
• Dimensions of the global digital divide
• Key findings Similarities and differences
  between ICTD in developing countries
• Characteristics significance of WSIS

10
Recent Trends

• Increasing integration of computer-based media
  into traditional media sectors
• Increasing intra- and inter-media sector mergers?
  vertical integration
• Increasing global reach of core-based ICT/media
  industries
• Increasing liberalization of media policies
  around the world

11
Looking Ahead

• Core zone 23 nations
• Semi-peripheral 50
• Peripheral 150 economic losers in the info
  revolution -Gher

12
Future Trends

• ICT/Media industries increasingly foundational in
  core zone and across zones
• Impacts interactions of ICT/Media industries
  with other factors/forces of globalization and on
  other spheres of human life (Castells)

13
ICT/Media Industries Across Zones

• Media/ICT industries will continue to be a
  concern for policymakers
• In view of 9/11/01, US govt will continue to be
  more involved in international comm policymaking
• Successful media industries (domestically
  internationally) will continue to be vital to
  intl trade
• Some current core nations may slip into
  semi-peripheral zone if they cant maintain their
  media/ICT industries (eg. CA, AU, NZ)

14
ICT/Media Industries Across Zones (cont.)

• Core-based media firms will continue to seek
  opportunities in semi-peripheral nations
• Semi-peripheral nations will be increasingly
  pressured to adopt Western/core media practices
  norms
• Further deregulation privatization in
  semi-peripheral peripheral zones

15
ICT/Media Industries Across Zones (cont.)

• Globalized ICT/Media industries have become
  dispersed throughout core-zone nations and some
  semi-peripheral nations
• A generational culture gap will continue to grow
  fed by music, film, ads Web

16
Impacts of ICT/Media trends on other spheres

• Diminishing national sovereignty autonomy?
  post-sovereignty era
• Increasing challenge to make and enforce
  international ICT/media policies
• Increasing importance and authority for
• Intergovernmental organizations (eg. UN)
• Multi-actor intl organizations (e.g. ITU)
• Transnational regional organizations (e.g. NAFTA,
  ASEAN)

17
Impacts of ICT/Media trends on other spheres
(cont.)

• Resurgence of nationalism and localism
• Search for mechanisms for protecting
  reinforcing indigenous cultures/groups

18
Looking Ahead ICTs in Core-zone Nations

• Accelerating rate of innovation change
  unanticipated consequences
• Computer-based technologies reshaping but not
  replacing media industries
• Massification of advanced information services

19
Looking Ahead ICTs in Core-zone Nations (cont.)

• Development of an advanced electronic information
  network
• Expansion of personal electronic media as the new
  mass media

20
Looking Ahead ICTs in Core-zone Nations (cont.)

• Media transformations are altering core-zone
  societies
• How we see ourselves individually collectively
• What we consider important
• Where we get info for daily decisions
  activities
• Social cohesion

21
3 Critical Questions (Gher)

1. Is humanity better off as a result of the
   international changes in the ICT/media industries
   and global communication?
2. Who are the winners losers?
3. What are the urgent concerns that
   governments/NGOs/ICT industry leaders should
   address immediately?

22
Wilsons Conclusion

• The sequential ICT innovations of contending
  elites around the world that create the
  information revolution can be best accelerated
  through national and international support to
  build up the emerging ICT networks and
  netstitutions that link government, private,
  and nonprofit institutions. (p. 404)
• People everywhere understand there are
  trade-offs to be made and want to know enough
  about ICTs to make those judgments for
  themselves (They) can truly widen their choices
  if they are able to mobilize the vision,
  political will, and human capacities necessary to
  achieve greater freedom and the good life in our
  globalizing world. (p. 405)

23
Castells Conclusion

• There is nothing that cannot be changed by
  conscious, purposive social action, provided with
  information, and supported by legitimacy.
• If people are informed, active, and communicate
  throughout the world ()
• If business assumes its social responsibility
• If political actors react against cynicism, and
  restore belief in democracy
• If culture is reconstructed from experience ()
• If all this is made possible by our informed,
  conscious, shared decision, while there is still
  time, maybe then, we may, at last, be able to
  live and let live, love and be loved. (p. 360)