Standard 9

1
Standard 9

• The student will identify key events, issues, and
  individuals relating to the causes, course, and
  consequences of the Civil War.

2
The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• It created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
  and allowed settlers in those territories to
  determine if they would allow slavery within
  their boundaries.
• The act established that settlers could vote to
  decide whether to allow slavery, in the name of
  popular sovereignty or rule of the people.
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act divided the nation and
  pointed it toward civil war.
• The act itself nullified the Missouri Compromise
  of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850.

3

• According to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854,
  whether a state was free or slave would be
  determined by
• The time of each presidential election
• A majority vote in Congress
• A vote in the state legislature
• Popular sovereignty

4

• Which of the following describes the
  Kansas-Nebraska Act?
• It repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
• It required Kansas to enter the Union as a slave
  state.
• It created harmony between Kansas and Missouri.
• It reduced feelings or sectionalism in the
  country.

5
John Brown

• John Brown was an American abolitionist, and folk
  hero who advocated and used violence as a means
  to end all slavery.
• John Brown and his sons gained notoriety in the
  fight against slavery by brutally murdering five
  pro-slavery farmers with a broadsword in Kansas.
• This action occurred during a time known as
  Bleeding Kansas.

6
Dred Scott v. Sanford

• Dred Scott was a slave who sued unsuccessfully
  for his freedom.
• His case was based on the fact that he was a
  slave, but had lived in states and territories
  where slavery was illegal.
• The United States Supreme Court ruled seven to
  two against Scott, finding that neither he, nor
  any person of African ancestry, could claim
  citizenship in the United States, and that
  therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal
  court.
• Essentially, the Supreme Court stated that slaves
  were property.

7

• What conclusion can be made about the effect of
  the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case?
• It received greater support in the North than in
  the South.
• It resulted in less need for the Underground
  Railroad.
• It strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law and
  further divided the country.
• It prompted Congress to pass new legislation
  protecting the rights of slaveholders.

8

• What was the effect of the Dred Scott v. Sanford
  (1857) decision?
• It unified the North in its support of slavery.
• It prompted federal support of states rights.
• It incited further sectionalism in the country.
• It resulted in other slaves petitioning the court
  for freedom.

9
John Browns Raid Harpers Ferry

• It was an attempt by John Brown to start an armed
  slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal
  at Harpers Ferry in Virginia.
• Within 36 hours of the failed attack, Brown's men
  had fled or been killed or captured by local
  farmers, militiamen, and U.S. Marines led by
  Robert E. Lee.
• He was tried for treason against the state of
  Virginia, the murder of five proslavery
  Southerners, and inciting a slave insurrection
  and was subsequently hanged.

10
John Browns Influence

• Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid in
  1859 escalated tensions that a year later led to
  secession and the American Civil War.
• Southerners said that Browns raid was a natural
  progression of the Republican anti-slavery
  position.
• Northerners praised Brown as a hero and a martyr.

11
The Gettysburg Address
12
The Gettysburg Address

• In just over two minutes, Lincoln invoked the
  principles of human equality written in the
  Declaration of Independence and redefined the
  Civil War as a struggle not merely for the Union,
  but as "a new birth of freedom" that would bring
  true equality to all of its citizens, and that
  would also create a unified nation in which
  states' rights were no longer dominant.

13

• What was the purpose of the Gettysburg Address,
  delivered by President Lincoln on November 19,
  1863?
• To punish the South
• To honor fallen soldiers
• To propose the Thirteenth Amendment
• To call for the Souths surrender

14
Emergency Powers

• During the Civil War, Lincoln appropriated powers
  no previous President had wielded
• He used his war powers to proclaim a blockade
• He suspended the writ of habeas corpus
• Habeas corpus is a legal action through which a
  person can seek relief from the unlawful
  detention of him or herself, or of another
  person.
• He spent money before Congress appropriated it
• He imprisoned between 15,000 and 18,000 suspected
  Confederate sympathizers without trial.

15
Ulysses S. Grant

• Grant was appointed the leader of the Union
  armies by Lincoln in 1864.
• Grant implemented a coordinated strategy of
  simultaneous attacks aimed at destroying the
  South's armies and its economy's ability to
  sustain its forces.
• In 1865, after mounting a successful war of
  attrition against his Confederate opponents, he
  accepted the surrender of Confederate General
  Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House.

16
Robert E. Lee

• He is best known for commanding the Confederate
  Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil
  War.
• He was adored by his men and seen as the face of
  the Confederacy.
• Lee became the great Southern hero of the war.

17
Thomas Stonewall Jackson

• He was a Confederate general during the American
  Civil War.
• He was probably the most well-known Confederate
  commander after General Robert E. Lee.
• He earned the nickname Stonewall at the Battle
  of Bull Run.
• He was accidentally shot by his own men and died
  a few days later from complications.

18
William Tecumseh Sherman

• Sherman served under General Ulysses S. Grant at
  the beginning of the war.
• In 1864, Sherman succeeded Grant as the Union
  commander in the western theater of the war.
• After Grant was given control of the entire Union
  army.
• He proceeded to lead his troops to the capture of
  the city of Atlanta, a military success that
  contributed to the re-election of President
  Abraham Lincoln.

19
William Tecumseh Sherman

• He ordered the burning of Atlanta.
• After burning Atlanta, he went on a 300-mile
  march across Georgia to Savannah.
• This is known as the March to the Sea.
• After capturing Savannah, Sherman took his army
  north through South Carolina.
• They left almost nothing standing in their path.

20
Jefferson Davis

• He served as President of the Confederate States
  of America for its entire history, 1861 to 1865,
  during the American Civil War.
• While not disgraced, he was displaced in Southern
  affection after the war by its leading general,
  Robert E. Lee.

21

• Who was president of the Confederate States of
  America?
• Ulysses S. Grant
• Robert E. Lee
• Jefferson Davis
• John C. Calhoun

22

• Who was the commander of the Confederate Army?
• Thomas Stonewall Jackson
• William T. Sherman
• Robert E. Lee
• Ulysses S. Grant

23
Battle of Fort Sumter

• The Battle of Fort Sumter was the bombardment
  and surrender of Fort Sumter near Charleston,
  South Carolina, that started the American Civil
  War.
• This was the first battle of the Civil War.

24
Battle of Antietam

• The first major battle in the American Civil War
  to take place on Northern soil.
• It was the bloodiest single-day battle in
  American history, with about 23,000 casualties.
• The northern victory to give President Abraham
  Lincoln the confidence to announce his
  Emancipation Proclamation, which discouraged the
  British and French governments from potential
  plans for recognition of the Confederacy.

25
Battle of Vicksburg

• The Union laid siege to the city for 40 days.
• The loss of Vicksburg yielded command of the
  Mississippi River to the Union forces, which
  would hold it for the rest of the conflict.

26
Battle of Gettysburg

• The Battle of Gettysburg was the battle with the
  largest number of casualties in the American
  Civil War.
• It is often described as the war's turning point.
• From this point on, the North started to attack
  the South and win the war.

27
Battle for Atlanta

• The Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles
  fought throughout northwest Georgia and the area
  around Atlanta, Georgia.
• This campaign lead to the eventual fall of
  Atlanta and hastening the end of the American
  Civil War.
• The Atlanta Campaign was followed by Sherman's
  March to the Sea.
• The March to the Sea destroyed the Souths
  ability to continue the war.

28

• The first battle of the Civil War occurred at
• Atlanta
• Antietam
• Gettysburg
• Fort Sumter

29

• Which of the following was the opening battle of
  the Civil War?
• The Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863
• The Battle of Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861
• The First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas),
  July 21, 1861
• The Battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862

30
Emancipation Proclamation

• It declared the freedom of all slaves in any
  state of the Confederate States of America that
  did not return to Union control by January 1,
  1863.
• Although most slaves were not freed immediately,
  the Proclamation brought freedom to thousands of
  slaves the day it went into effect in parts of
  nine of the ten states to which it applied.
• The Proclamation provided the legal framework for
  the emancipation of nearly all four million
  slaves as the Union armies advanced, and
  committed the Union morally to ending slavery.
• Which was a controversial decision even in the
  North.

31

• Which document only symbolically freed the
  Southern slaves, but created a moral focus for
  the Civil War?
• The Thirteenth Amendment
• The Gettysburg Address
• The Emancipation Proclamation
• The Fugitive Slave Law

32

• Why was the Emancipation Proclamation limited in
  its scope?
• It only applied to enslaved people living under
  the Confederacy.
• It freed the enslaved only for a year.
• It prohibited blacks from serving in the
  military.
• It fostered negotiations between the North and
  South to end the war.

33

• Why was Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation
  significant?
• It freed all slaves.
• It restored the Union.
• It created the spoils system.
• It established a moral cause for the war.

34
North v. South

• More industry
• Larger population
• More railroads
• Established government
• Established Army
• Established Navy
• More telegraph lines
• Economy balanced between industry and agriculture

• Better trained officers
• Most of war fought in their own territory
• Defensive strategy
• The South was fighting to preserve its way of
  life.

35

• As the nation entered the Civil War, the Union
  had several advantages over the South. Which of
  the following factors was a Southern advantage?
• Amount of population
• Location of most battles
• Amount of industry
• Location of railroad tracks

36
The End

• Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at
  Appomattox Court House.
• Grant did not allow celebration because the
  southern soldiers were once again U.S. citizens.

37

• How did the Civil War affect the economy of the
  South?
• It rebounded during the war through the
  manufacture of war goods.
• It destroyed its infrastructure and farm fields,
  and resulted in a shortage of goods.
• It remained steady as people went to work making
  clothes for the army.
• It increased the need for farm items, resulting
  in higher profits for farmers.

38

• What was a result of the Civil War?
• The federal government was weakened.
• Slavery was allowed to extend to the West.
• The Union was preserved.
• The Confederacy remained a separate nation.

39

• On April 10, 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered the
  Northern Virginia Army at Appomattox Court House,
  Virginia. This signaled the end of
• The Seven Years War
• The Mexican-American War
• The Civil War
• The Spanish-American War