Animal Science

1

• Animal Science
• Mr. Chad Warnick

2
Skeleton Overview

• The skeletal system consists of the bones and
  joints along with the cartilage and ligaments
  that occur at the joints.
• Bones Hard Tissue, mostly calcium, provides
  support and makes Red Blood Cells
• Ligaments Strong, white bands of tissue that
  connect two bones together at a joint

3
Skeleton Overview

• Cartilage Hard tissue that prevents bones from
  grinding against each other.
• Joints Location of where two or more bones meet.
• Tendon Connects muscle to bone.

4
1. Functions of the Skeleton

• The skeleton supports the body.
• The skeleton protects soft body parts.
• The skeleton produces blood cells.
• The skeleton stores minerals and fats.
• The skeleton (along with the muscles) permits
  flexible body movements.

5
2. Classification of bones

• Bones are classified according to their shape.
• Long (Longer then they are wide)
• Short (Cube shapes, about equal lengths and
  widths)
• Flat (Platelike and have a broad suface)
• Irregular (Varied shapes with many connections)
• Round (Circular shape)

6
2. Classification of bones

• Long Bones- Longer then they are wide)
• Longest bones providing support for the body
  giving it the rigidity (hardness) necessary to
  stand and move.

7
EX Canon Bone, Pelvic, Ribs
8
Long bones can act as levers
9
2. Classification of bones

• Short Bones- (Cube shapted lengths and widths
  are about equal.
• Found in the joints and serve as hinges. They
  help cushion shock and protect long bones.

10

• ExampleHoofs Feet

11
2. Classification of bones

• Flat Bones (Platelike and have broad surfaces)

EX Skull
12
2. Classification of bones

• Irregular Bones- (Varied shapes with many places
  for connections with other bones)

13
3. Anatomy of a Long Bone
14
3. Anatomy of a Long Bone
15
3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

• Periosteum
• Outer layer
• Cushions the hard portion of the bone
• Repair of broken bones

16
3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

• Compact Bone
• Beneath periosteum
• Layer of hard mineral matter
• Calcium
• Gives bones strength

17
3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

• Spongy Bone
• Inside hard outer layer
• Fills ends of bones
• Lines hollow portions

18
3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

• Red marrow
• Inside cavities of spongy bone
• Formation of red blood cells

19
3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

• Yellow marrow
• Located inside hollow portion
• Fat storage cells
• Energy storage

20
4. Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

• The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton
  and the appendicular skeleton

21
Important Terms Related to the Skeleton

• Skeletons can be divided into two sections, which
  include
• Axial Skeleton.
• b. Appendicular skeleton

22
4. Axial and Skeleton

• The axial skeleton lies in the midline of the
  body and contains the bones of the skull, the
  vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. (Colored
  Orange)

23
Vertebrae are divided into five regions
24
Cervical Vertebrae-The section in the neck
from the skull to the first rib.
25
Thoracic-extends along the rib cage. Each of
these has a rib attached to each side.
26
Lumbar-The area of the spinal column from the
last rib to the pelvis. Also referred to as the
loin.
27
Sacral-Extends through the pelvic area.
28
Coccygeal- The vertebrae that continue from the
pelvis to the end of the tail.
29
4. Appendicular Skeleton

• Contains the bones of the fore and rear limbs.

30
5. Joints

• Bones are joined together at joints. In most
  instances bones can articulate at the joints.
• Classified by the way they move.

31
5. Joints

• Joints serve as hinges for the skeletal system.

32
5. Joints

• There are 4 types of joints we will discuss
• Hinge
• Knee
• Ball and Socket
• Hip
• Gliding
• Vertebrae
• Fixed ( Cartliaginous)
• Skull

33
5. Joints - Hinge
34
5. Joints - Ball Socket
35
5. Joints - Gliding
36
5. Joints - Fixed
37
Formation of Bones

• Bone is comprised of
• 26 minerals (mostly calcium phosphate and
  calcium carbonate)
• 50 is water
• 4 is fat
• 20 is protein
• Bone requires adequate amounts of vitamins and
  minerals in the ration.

38
Choose a species
39
Horse Skeleton
40
(No Transcript)
41
Chicken Skeleton
42
Horse Skeleton
43
Unlabeled Horse Skeleton
44
The skeletal system provides support for the
animal.
45
The skeletal system provides support for the
animal.
46
(No Transcript)
47
(No Transcript)
48
Skeleton of a Cow
49
Skeleton of a Cow

• 1. Cannon 8. Shoulder joint
• 2. Knee joint 9. Shoulder blade
• 3. Radius 10. Eye socket
• 4. Sternum 11. Horn cones
• 5. Elbow joint 12. Cervical vertebrae
• 6. Ulna 13. Dorsal vertebrae
• 7. Humerus

50
Skeleton of a Cow

• 14. Lumber vertebrae 20. Knee joint
• 15. Sacrum 21. Tibia
• 16. Hip Bone 22. Hock joint
• 17. Caudal vertebrae 23. Ribs
• 18. Hip Joint 24. Pasterns
• 19. Femur 25. Coronary

51
Skeleton of a Horse
52
Skeleton of a Horse

• 1. Thoracic vertebrae 9. Tibia
• 2. Lumbar vertebrae 10. Fibula
• 3. Sacrum 11. Tarsus
• 4. Shaft of Ilium 12. Metatarsus
• 5. Coccygeal vertebrae 13. Stifle
• 6. Hip joint 14. Pubis
• 7. Femur 15. False ribs
• 8. Patella 16. True ribs

53
Skeleton of a Horse

• 17. Proximal sesamoid bones 25. Elbow joint
• 18. Ulna 26. Sternum
• 19. Coffin joint 27. Humerus
• 20. Pastern joint 28. Shoulder joint
• 21. Fetlock joint 29. Scapula
• 22. Metacarpus 30. Mandible
• 23. Carpus 31. Facial bones
• 24. Radius 32. Cranial bones
• 33. Cervical vertebrae

54
Skeleton of a Fowl
55
Skeleton of a Fowl

• 1. Incisive 7. Scapula
• 2. Nasal 8. Fused Ribs
• 3. Occipital 9. Ilium
• 4. Ulula 10. Pygostyle
• 5. Ulna 11. Ischium
• 6. Radius 12. Pubis

56
Skeleton of a Fowl

• 13. Femur 19. Coracoid
• 14. Fibula 20. Clavicle
• 15. Tibia 21. Cervical vertebrae
• 16. Metatarsus 22. Mandible
• 17. Sternum 23. Humerus
• 18. Patella

57
(No Transcript)
58
(No Transcript)
59
(No Transcript)
60
Horse Skeleton
61
(No Transcript)
62
Chicken Skeleton