The Iliad -

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The Iliad - by Homer 1200 B.C
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The Trojan War
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w Homer w

• Greatest of the Greek poets
• 1,000 years B.C.
• Epic poems- 1st to make stories a unified whole
• Sung for entertainment
• Stories taught Greek ideals

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Homer wrote -

• The Iliad
• Ilium- Greek for Troy
• Story of the Trojan War
• 10 years
• Fought over Helen of Troy

• The Odyssey
• Follows the Trojan War
• 10 years
• Odysseuss journey to return to Greece
• A metaphor for every persons journey through
  life.

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The Judgment of Paris
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Wedding of Peleus and Thetis(grandson to Zeus
and a sea nymph)

• Eris goddess of discord, not invited
• Eris crashes party - starts trouble
• Golden apple To the fairest
• Hera, Athena, Aphrodite claim it

Its mine!
Me!
No, me!
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The Trojan War arose out of a dispute between the
goddesses Hera, Athena and Aphrodite. They were
guests at a wedding. when the goddess Discord
threw a golden apple in their midst upon which
was written for the fairest. Each of the three
goddesses believed that she should have the
apple.
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Zeus asked to judge
No way! Choose between my wife, daughter, and
Aphrodite? Who else can I get?
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Paris Prince of Troy
(a playboy)

• Goddesses bribe Paris
• Athena offers ambition, fame, success in war
• Hera offers power, riches, King of Europe
• and Asia
• Aphrodite offers the love of the most beautiful
  
• woman in the world

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Paris chooses Aphrodite -
Theres just one little problem
The most beautiful woman in the world is Helen
and shes married.
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"the face that launched a thousand ships"
Helen wife to Menelaus, King of Sparta
(a half-mortal daughter
of Zeus)
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Helens father, Tyndareus

• Knew many men would pursue Helen
• Was afraid conflicts or wars would be fought over
  her

• Convinced suitors to swear an oath

• to always protect Helen
• to support her husband ,
• whomever she chose

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It is said that Helen was the face that launched
a thousand ships, for that is how many eventually
set sail for Troy.
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Paris visits Helen and Menelaus

• Welcomed as a guest
• Kidnaps Helen
• Menelaus - raises army from suitors
• Agamemnon- Menelauss brother leads expedition
• Achilles greatest Greek warrior
• - son of Peleus and Thetis
• - invulnerable, except for heel

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• The Greeks and the Trojans fought fiercely on the
  coastal plain, and although the Greeks won many
  battles they were unable to penetrate the
  defences of the Trojan city.
• The Greeks were supported by the goddesses Hera
  and Athena, and also benefited from the services
  of a number of mighty warriors within their
  ranks. The greatest of these was undoubtedly
  Achilles, whose mother had dipped him into the
  river Styx when he was a baby, thereby causing
  him to be virtually invincible in battle.
• The Greeks and the Trojans fought fiercely on the
  coastal plain, and although the Greeks won many
  battles they were unable to penetrate the
  defences of the Trojan city.

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• Nevertheless, he agreed to lend his armour to his
  friend Patroclus. Unfortunately, Patroclus,
  mistaken, for Achilles, was killed by Hector, the
  son of King Priam, and the greatest of the Trojan
  warriors.

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With Patroclus dead, Achilles vowed to avenge his
friends death. Achilles quickly found his sworn
enemy, and, following a fierce fight, Hector soon
lay dead on the battlefield.

• Achilles tied Hectors body to the back of his
  chariot and then drove in glorious triumph around
  the walls of Troy. After much beseeching by King
  Priam, Achilles eventually agreed to return
  Hectors body to the Trojans.

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Styx.

• Despite Hectors death, the Greeks were still
  unable to break down the defences of Troy. And
  then tragedy struck Achilles was slain, shot in
  the heel by Paris. Held there by his mother, his
  heel had been the only part of his body not to
  have been dipped into the river

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The war reached its tenth year, and yet neither
side could gain the upper hand.

• At last Odysseus, the king of Ithaca, came up
  with a cunning plan. He suggested that the Greeks
  should build a huge wooden horse, inside which
  fifty of the strongest warriors could be hidden.
• Agamemnon eventually agreed to this idea, and the
  horse was built. The chosen men, including
  Odysseus, climbed up into the belly of the horse,
  and the horse was left on the shore. The rest of
  the Greeks deserted their camp, and sailed to the
  other side of the nearby island, Tenedos.

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• However, one Greek, named Sinon who was renowned
  for making up stories, was left with the horse to
  convince the Trojans that they should drag the
  Horse into their city.

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• When the Trojans saw that the Greeks had gone
  away they were overjoyed, for they believed the
  war was finally over.

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• However, they were in awe of the horse and were
  unsure what to do with it.

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• Sinon, who explained he had been left as a
  deserter and a prisoner, told the Trojans that
  the horse had been built as an offering to the
  god Poseidon to provide them with a safe passage
  back to Greece.

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• The Trojans were on the point of believing
  Sinons story when Laocoon, a priest of Troy,
  claimed the horse was a trick, and hurled a spear
  into the side of the huge wooden statue. Luckily
  for the Greeks hiding inside no one was hit.

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• Almost immediately, a huge serpent appeared out
  of the sea and wrapped itself around laocoon and
  his two sons, dragging its wretched victims back
  under the waves. The Trojans, now left in little
  doubt that the horse was truly an offering to the
  god Poseidon, readily accepted Sinons story.

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• The Trojans dragged the wooden horse into their
  city, unaware of the danger that was concealed
  inside the huge belly. Happy that the war was
  over the Trojans planned parties and celebrations
  that would last late into the night. They did not
  even bother to post guards on the ramparts, so
  sure were they that all danger of attack had
  passed with the departure of the Greeks.

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• It did not take long for the Trojans to become
  drunk, and soon they all fell into a deep sleep.
  It was then that the warriors descended from the
  belly of the horse. They crept to the outer walls
  and opened the gates. Then they lit a fire on the
  ramparts as a signal to the rest of the Greeks,
  who in the meantime had returned to the mainland,
  that the plan had worked.

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• The sleeping revellers were easy prey for the
  rampaging Greeks, and, with the city burning, the
  Trojans were slaughtered without mercy.

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The once proud city of Troy was The once proud
city of Troy was reduced to a smoking ruin. The
Greeks were victorious, Helen was restored to

• The Greeks prepared to sail back to their
  homelands most completing the journey in little
  time. However, many years were to pass before
  Odysseus would see the shores of Ithaca again.

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• Did any Trojan survive the Greek massacre?
  According to legend, prince Aeneas escaped from
  the burning city with his young family and his
  elderly father. The Roman poet, Virgil, would
  have us believe that Aeneas sailed to Italy and
  there founded a new settlement. From this
  settlement emerged the great city of Rome.

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The Seige of Troy
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Siege of Troy - lasts 10 years

• Troy high and thick walls, surrounded by plain
  of Troy
• Aphrodite- sides with the Trojans
• Athena and Hera - side with the Greeks
• Zeus- remains impartial

• Achilles kills Hector, Prince of Troy defiles
  body by dragging it behind his chariot
• Paris takes revenge for brother shoots Achilles
  in heel, killing him
• Greeks create a plan
• - Odysseus known for strategy
• - Athenas favorite warrior

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The Fall of Troy
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The Trojan Horse

• Greeks create a large, wooden horse
• Greeks sail away, leave as gift
• Warned not to bring horse inside Troy
• - Cassandra priestess
• - Laocoon priest
• Trojans celebrate

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End of War

• Soldiers slip out of horse and open gates
• Greeks return
• Trojans are massacred
• Troy is burned
• women enslaved

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Gods turn against the Greeks

• Ajax kills Cassandra in Athenas temple
• Athena is offended
• Calls on Poseidon to create storm

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Odyssey Begins Here

• Greeks are scattered around the Mediterranean
• Odysseuss 10 year journey home begins