Who is Muhammad

1
Who is Muhammad?

• According to Islamic faith the last and greatest
  prophet.

2
What was the hijra?

• Muhammads flight from Mecca to Medina.

3
What is the sacred text of Islam?

• Koran (Quran)

4
What do Muslims call Christians and Jews?

• People of the Book.

5
What is the hajj?

• Pilgrimage to Mecca.

6
When do Muslims fast?

• During Ramadan.

7
Muhammad destroyed the idols in what building?

• The Kaaba

8
Islam started on what peninsula?

• Arabian Peninsula

9

• The religion first spread along trade routes from
  Mecca and Medina.
• During the 7th thru 12th centuries Muslim
  civilizations spread into regions of Africa, the
  Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia.

10

• It was facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian
  empires.

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• Islamic Law
• Neither the Koran nor the prophet spelled out the
  appropriate behavior for all situations.
• The Ulama was given this duty.

13

• The Ulama were religious scholars who studied the
  Koran and interpreted it as well as the deeds and
  sayings of the prophet.

14

• The Ulama also developed a full Islamic legal
  system called the Shariah.
• (in notes from Jan 7)

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• Islamic law was founded on these three
  principles (Listed in order of importance)
• 1. Koran and the teachings of Muhammad.
• 2. Agreement of the Community.
• 3. Human reason is the last resort.

16

• Economy
• Muslims began minting coins - replacing the
  barter system.
• Also set a standard for other currencies.

17

• Money exchanges were set up.
• These developed into banks.
• Letters of credit were given to depositors and
  could be exchanged elsewhere.
• This is the first checking system.

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Language

• The Arab language spread with Islam and helped
  trade across Islamic lands.
• Religion, Language, and Trade united the Arabs to
  become a united state.
• This helped them defeat their enemies and expand
  their empire.