The Cold War

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The Cold War
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U.S. Focus After WWII

• The War Against Communism
• Policy of Containment
• 1. Help the smaller countries resist
  Soviet/communist advances.
• 2. Wanted to stop the spread of communism
• Ex Sending money, arms, and generals to South
  Vietnam to fight against the Northern communists
  (Ho Chi Minh)

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President Truman

• After WWII, Truman wanted to make sure a
  communist country never had the chance to cause
  as much damage as fascist Germany did in WWII.
• He asked congress for economic aid to Turkey and
  Greece (whose governments were fighting communist
  rebels) to support his new Doctrine

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The Truman Doctrine

• Dedicated to uplifting anticommunist regimes
  around the world.
• Many US citizens did not want to US to continue
  fighting Communism around the world
• Others did not want to interfere in other
  countries affairs
• Congress, however, quickly approved 400 million
  worth of aid

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Communism and Poverty

• After WWII not only was communism spreading
  throughout the world but poverty as well.
• In Western Europe many of the cities were in
  shambles. There was a shortage of jobs as well as
  food.
• Main Question
• How can the U.S. help?

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The Marshall Plan

• George Marshall was the U.S. Secretary of State
• Wanted to help those in Western Europe who are
  living without shelter, jobs, and food.
• Why?

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The Marshall Plan

• An assistance program to help rebuild Western
  Europe.
• Would provide food and machinery
• 12.5 billion dollar program in 1948
• Any country left in shambles that was not
  communist received aid from the U.S.

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1948-1955 Countries who received aid from the
Marshall Plan

• Great Britain
• France
• Italy
• West Germany
• Holland
• Austria
• Belgium
• Greece

• Denmark
• Norway
• Turkey
• Ireland
• Sweden
• Portugal
• Yugoslavia
• Iceland
• A Few More

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Case Study of Containment The Korean War

• Japan ruled Korea until WWII Korea was split
  into occupying zones (north Soviets south
  U.S.) like in Germany
• North Korea occupied by Soviets, led by
  communist leader Kim Il Sung
• South Korea occupied by U.S., led by democratic
  leader
• U.S. and Soviets left in 1949
• North invaded South in 1950 and U.S. offered
  South support sending military and money to
  fight the North Koreans

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The Korean War

• U.S. General MacArthur led the attack into North
  Korea, pushing towards China
• Communist China began aiding North Korea, in fear
  that the U.S. was getting too close
• MacArthur defied Trumans orders to not get too
  close to the Chinese border and so he was removed
  as the general and the war ended in 1953 in a
  stalemate (no territory changed hands)

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What did we achieve?

• Korea before the war

• Korea after the war