?a??v?

1
?s??s? 2??a???s??p??? e??tas? ???µat??e???
pet??µ?t??
?a??v?µ?s? ???µato?ev?v pet??µ?t?v
?at?????a ???µ?t?? ???e?o? ?????v ? ? ? ?
?at?????a ???µ?t?? ???e?o? ?????v ?a?a?? S?µpa??
gt2 mm (st?o????eµ?vo?) ??o???e? ??o?a?opa??
gt2 mm (??v??de??) ?at?pe? ?at?popa??
?. ??ast??? 2 mm - 1/16 mm ?µµo? ?aµµ?te?
1/16 mm - 1/256 mm I??? ???????o?
lt1/256 mm ?????o? ?????o?
?et??µata ?po?e?µµat???? apos????s?? ?ate??te? ????te?

gt6 cm ?fa?ste?a?? ??o?a?opa?? ?fa?ste?a?? ?at?popa??
?. ?fa?ste?o??ast??? 6 cm - 3 mm ??p??o?
lt3 mm ?of?te?
2
?a??v?µ?s? ???µato?ev?v pet??µ?t?v
?at?????a ????o s?stat??? ? ? ? ?
?v??a????-Te????-?????o??a ??ata ?ßapo??te?
G. ??µ??? CaCO3 ?v??a???? pet??µata (µe?????)
SiO2 ????t??? pet??µata (µe?????)
PO43- F?sfo??te? (µe?????)

CaCO3 ?v??a???? pet??µata (µe?????)
?. ??o?ev? SiO2 ????t??? pet??µata (µe?????)
PO43- F?sfo??te? (µe?????)
C ????to? ?v??a?e?-?d?o?ov?v??a?e?
3
?st?? ??ast???? ???µat??e??? pet??µ?t??
??ast???? ??????
????? s???????s?? (cement)
?????? p????s?? (matrix)
http//www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/
content/visualizations/es0605/es0605page01.cfm?cha
pter_novisualization
4
?. ??ast??? ???µata
http//www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/
content/visualizations/es0604/es0604page01.cfm?cha
pter_novisualization

• 1. ??o?a?opa?? ?a? ?at?popa??
• ???e?o? s?stat???v gt2 mm.
• ??ast??o? ????o? apost?o????eµ?vo? ? ??v??de??
  avt?sto??a.
• Sta ??f?dopa?? o? ????o? ??o?v µ??e?o? 2 cm-2 mm.
  
• ?o ????? p????s?? e?va? s?v???? ?aµµ?t???.
• ?o s???o???t??? ????? e?va? ?µo?fo ?
  µ???o???sta????? ?a? ??e? s?stas? p???t???,
  asßest?t??? ? a?µat?t???.
• ?a pet??µata a?t? e?va? s?v???? po??µ??ta, d??ad?
  o? ??o???e? ? o? ?at?pe? to?? p?o???ovta? ap?
  pe??ss?te?a to? ev?? e?do?? pet??µata.

5
?at?p?pa??? -Breccia
6
????a??pa??? - Conglomerate
7

• 3. ?aµµ?te?
• ???e?o? s?stat???v 2-1/16 mm.
• ?v??o?a µe to e?do? to? ????o? p????s?? ? t??
  s???o???t???? ???? ? to? ep???at?ste?o? o???to?
  s?stat??o? ?a?a?t????ovta? ??
• ????de?? ?
• a?????de?? ?
• asßest?t??o? ?
• ?a?a??a?o?.
• S?v???? pa?o?s???o?v ?a?a?t???st??? st??s? ?a?
  ???µa tef?? ? ?astav?.
• ?????te?a s?stat??? e?va? ?a?a??a?, ?st??o?,
  ??a?sµata pet??µ?t?v, ????? p????s?? ?a?
  s???o???t??? ?????. ?po?e? va pe????o?v a??µ?
  µos?oß?t?, ??a??ov?t? ?a? ßa??? o???t?.

8
?? s?µavt???te?o? pet?o??af??o? t?po? t??
?aµµ?t?? e?va?

• a. ?a?a??a?o? ?aµµ?te?
• ?pote?o?vta? s?ed?v e?o?o????o? ap? ?a?a??a.
• ??va? o???to?o???? ?pe????µo?.
• ß. ?????e?
• ????? p????s?? lt15.
• ?d???o??o?, p?o?s?o? se ??v??de?? ?ao??v??µ?vo??
  ????o?? ast???v.
• ??o???ovta? ?????? ap? apos?v?es? ??av?t???v ?a?
  ?ve?s?a??v pet??µ?t?v.
• ????to?o???? e?va? av???µo?.
• ?. G?ao?ß??e?
• ????? p????s?? gt15.
• ?d???o??o?, µe e?a??et??? ??v??de?? ????o??
  ?a?a??a ?a? ast???v ?a? ?f?ova µ???? ??a?sµata
  pet??µ?t?v po? s?µa?vo?v ?t? ? d??ß??s?, µetafo??
  ?a? ap??es? ???ve ?a?da?a ?a? dev p???aße va
  s?µße? ??µ??? apos????s?.

9
?aµµ?t?? - Sandstone
10
4. ???????o?

• ???e?o? s?stat???v 1/16-1/256 mm.
• ??va? ta p?o d?adoµ?va ???µato?ev? pet??µata.
• ???a? ?????? ?a??ss?a? p?o??e?s??.
• X??µa tef??, p??s?vo, µa??o, ??t??vo, e?????.
• S?stas? ???????? o???t?, ?a?a??a?, ?st??o?,
  av??a???? ?a? ßa??? o???t?, o??av??? ??? ?.?.

11
?? spo?da??te?o? pet?o??af??o? t?po? t??
p???????? e?va?

• a. I??????o?
• ??a?e??, apos?????µ?vo? p??????o? µe lt32 ????o??
  µe???o?? a????o?.
• ß. S??stop??o?
• ?pos?????µ?vo? µe eµfav? s??st?t?ta p??????o? ?a?
  posost? ?????v µe???o?? a????o? 33-65.
• ?. Loess
• ??va? s??v? a?o????? p?o??e?s??.
• S?stat??? µe???o?? ?????v ???o?.
• ?o??de?, e????pto p?t??µa µe s?stas? ?a?a??a?,
  asßest?t?? ?a? ßa??? o???t?.
• ? s???o???t??? ??? e?va? ?????? asßest?t???.

12
????????? - Siltstone
13
5. ?????o?

• ???e?o? ?????v lt1/256 mm (? lt4 µm).
• ???µa ?e??? µ???? tef??.
• S?stas? ???????? o???t?, ?a?a??a?, ?st??o?,
  av??a???? o???t?, o??av??? ??? ?.?. ??
  spo?da??te?o? pet?o??af??o? t?po? e?va?
• a. ?pevtov?t??
• ?a?a??, po??de? ?a? p?ast??? p?t??µa, ??t??vo
  µ???? e?????.
• S?stat??? Sµe?t?t?? ?a? ?o??oe?d?? SiO2.
• ß. ?a??????
• ?a?a?? p?t??µa ?e???? ???µat??.
• S?stat??? ?a?????t?? ?a? ?o??oe?d?? SiO2.
• ?. ????a
• ??va? ?????? µ??µa a????o? (35-65) ?a?
  asßest????o? (65-35).
• ???µa s?v???? tef??.

14
????????? s??st?????? Shale ? Slate
15
6. ?et??µata ?po?e?µµat???? apos????s??

• a. ????te?
• ???µa s?v???? ?astav?????o.
• ?pote?o?vta? ap? ?µo?fa ? ???sta????? o?e?d?a ?
  ?d?o?e?d?a to? a?????o?, ?????? ?????t? ?a?
  µpa?µ?t?.
• ?e????o?v ep?s?? ?o??oe?d?? SiO2, ?d?o?e?d?a to?
  s?d??o? ?a? ?????? a??????? o???t?.
• ß. ?ate??te?
• ???µa s?????? ??t?????asta??.
• ???a? e????? ed?f? ? ????? p?o?s?a se de?te?o?ev?
  o?e?d?a to? s?d??o?, to? a?????o? ? ?a? t?v d?o,
  µe s?µavt??? pe??e??µe?? se ?a?a??a ?a? ?ao??v?t?.

16
?ate??t?? - Laterite
17

• F??s???
• ?e????af???? ??o? ?a??ss?a? ???µato?evo?? f?s??.
• ??va? pa??? a?o?o???a ?ept? st??µat?µ?v?v ?a?
  µe????? apo????µatof???v apo??se?v
• ?pote?o?vta? ?????? ap? µ???e? ?a? asßest?t??o??
  p??????o??, po? eva???ssovta? ???µ??? µe
  ??o?a?opa??, ?aµµ?te? ?a? ??ao?ß??e?.

18

• ?o??ssa
• ?e????af???? ??o? pa????a?, µe????? ?a??ss?a? ?a?
  µe????? de?ta???? ???µato?evo?? f?s??.
• ?a? ed? ??o?µe pa??? a?o?o???a µa?a??v,
  apo????µatof???v ?a? d?asta??o?µev?v st??µ?t?v
  ??o?a?opa??v, ?aµµ?t?v, p???????v ?a? µa???v.

19
?. ?fa?ste?o??ast??? ???µata

• S??µat?st??av ap? ap??es? ?fa?ste?a??v ?????v sto
  ?dafo? ? µ?sa se ?d?t?ve? ?e??ve?.
• ?? apo??se?? st?v ???? µpo?e? va d?aß???o?v ?a?
  va epav???µatopo???o?v.
• ?po?e? va e?va? ava?at?µ?va µe s?v???sµ?va
  ??ast??? ?????.
• ?v??o?a µe to µ??e?o? t?v s?stat???v to??
  d?a???vovta? se
• a. ?fa?ste?a?? ??o?a?opa?? ?a? ?at?popa??.
• ???e?o? ??a?sµ?t?v gt6 cm.
• ?tav ??o?v s??µa at?a?toe?d?? ovoµ??ovta?
  ?fa?ste?a??? oß?de?.
• ß. ??p??o?. ???e?o? ??a?sµ?t?v 6 cm-3 mm.
• ?. ?of?te?. ???e?o? ?????v lt3 mm.
• ?1. ?fa?ste?a?? t?f?a ???e?o? ?????v 3-0,06
  mm.
• ?2. ?fa?ste?a?? s??v? ???e?o? ?????v lt0,06 mm.

20
G. ??µ??? ?a? ??o?ev? ???µata

• ?a ??µ??? ???µata s??µat?st??av ap? ?ataß???s?
  t?v s?stat???v ??vt?v d??fo??v d?a??µ?t?v,
  e?a?t?a? ?????? t?? e??tµ?s??.
• ?a ß?o?ev? s??µat?st??av ap? s?ss??e?s? ?a?
  s?µpa?opo??s? ? µ? t?v s?e?et???v sto??e??v
  d??f???v ?????v ? f?t???v o??av?sµ?v µet? to
  ??vat? to??.
• S?µavt???te?o? pet?o??af??o? t?po? e?va?
• 1. ?ßapo??te?
• ?po??e?st??? ??µ???? p?o??e?s??.
• S??µat?st??av ap? ?a????s? t?v a??t?v to? ve?o?
  µ?a? pe??o??sµ?v?? ? ??e?st?? ???assa? ? a?µ????
  ??µv??.
• ?????te?a µ??? e?va? ? ???o? ?a? ? a??t??.

21
????t? a??t? - Halite
22

• 2. ?sßest????o?
• ?a p?o d?adoµ?va av??a???? pet??µata µe po????a
  ???µata.
• ??o??e?s? ??µ??? ?a? ß?o?ev??.
• ?????te?o s?stat??? o asßest?t??. S?v????
  pe????o?v apo????µata.
• ?vaß???o?v se a?a?? ? p??v? d?a??µata o???v.
• ?? t?aße?t?ve? e?va? ?e?sa?e?, po??de?? ?
  s?µpa?e?? av??a????? apo??se??.
• S??µat??ovta? ap? ap??es? CaCO3 ???? ap? av???ava
  ? o??av??? ?????.
• ? ???t?da e?va? ?ept???????, po??d?? ?a?
  e????pto? ?e???? asßest????o?.
• S??µat?st??e se ???? ?a??ss?a ve?? ap?
  s?ss??e?s? asßest?t???v ?e??f?v µ???o-o??av?sµ?v.
• 3. ?o?oµ?te?
• S??µat?st??av ap? t? do?oµ?t??s? t?v
  asßest?????v. ?at? t? d?e??as?a a?t? o
  asßest????o? µetat??peta? se do?oµ?t? µe t?v
  avt??at?stas? to? a????o? CaCO3 ap? MgCO3.
• ?? do?oµ?te? e?va? av?e?t???te?o? t?v
  asßest?????v st?v ep?d?as? d?a??µ?t?v o???v.

23
?sßest?????? - Limestone
24

• 4. ?e?at????o?
• ??o??e?s? ??µ??? ?a? ß?o?ev??.
• ????o s?stat??? to SiO2 µe t?? d??fo?e? ????t??
  µo?f?? to?.
• S?????, e?a??et??? s?µpa??, ?µ?-?a??d?
  ???pto???sta????? pet??µata.
• ???µata po????a.
• ?e????o?v d??fo?e? p?osµ??e??.
• ????
• a. ?asp??. ???sµ??? a?µat?t?, ???µa e?????.
• ß. ???????o?. ???sµ??? o??av???? ????, ???µa
  tef?? ??? µa??o.
• ?. ?oßa?o???t??. ??osµ??e?? ast???v ?a? ??avat?v,
  ???µa ?e???.
• d. ?o?se?av?t??. ????????? ?a? av??a?????
  p?osµ??e??, ???µa ?e???.

25
?e?at?????? - Chert
26
????a??pa??
27
????a??pa??
28
?aµµ?te?
29
???????S
?S??S????T??? ???????
30
(No Transcript)
31
G???S
G???S
32
???????S
S??S??????S
???G?
33
?F??S??????S ??FF?S
S??S??????S
?F??S??????S ??FF?S
34

• ?a????µ?s? ?at? Folk et al. (1970)
• ?aµß????ta? ?p??? t? s?et??? a?a????a
• ??????e? ??f?de? (gravel) ?µµ?? (sand) p????
  (mud, ???? ???????)
• ?
• ?aµß????ta? ?p??? t? s?et??? a?a????a
• ?µµ?? (sand) ??????? (clay) ???? (silt)

35
???o?o????? t??e?? ??ast???v ???µ?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o????? t??e?? ??ast???v ???µ?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o????? t??e?? ??ast???v ???µ?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o????? t??e?? ??ast???v ???µ?t?v (Folk et al. 1970)
S?µßo??sµ?? ?voµas?a S?µßo??sµ?? ?voµas?a
G mG msG sG gM gmS gS (g)M (g)mS (g)S M sM mS S ??o?a??de? p??o??o?a??de? p??oaµµo??o?a??de? aµµo??o?a??de? ??o?a?op???de? ??o?a?op??oaµµ?de? ??o?a?oaµµ?de? ?µ???o?a?op???de? ?µ???o?a?op??oaµµ?de? ?µ???o?a?oaµµ?de? p???de? aµµop???de? p??oaµµ?de? aµµ?de? S cS mS zS sC sM sZ C M Z aµµ?de? a????oaµµ?de? p??oaµµ?de? ???oaµµ?de? aµµoa?????de? aµµop???de? aµµo????de? a?????de? p???de? ????de?
G ? g gravel (??o???e?), S ? s sand (?µµo?),
M ? m mud (p????), Z ? z silt (????),
C ? c clay (?????o?).
36

• ?a????µ?s? ?at? Shepard
• ?aµß????ta? ?p??? t? s?et??? a?a????a
• ??????? (clay) ?µµ?? (sand) ???? (silt)
• ?
• ?aµß????ta? ?p??? t? s?et??? a?a????a
• ??????e? (gravel) ?µµ?? (sand) ???? ???????
  (silt clay)

37
???o?o???? s?stas? ???µ?t?v d??ta ??sto? ?a? ?a?a?t???sµ?? a?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o???? s?stas? ???µ?t?v d??ta ??sto? ?a? ?a?a?t???sµ?? a?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o???? s?stas? ???µ?t?v d??ta ??sto? ?a? ?a?a?t???sµ?? a?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o???? s?stas? ???µ?t?v d??ta ??sto? ?a? ?a?a?t???sµ?? a?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o???? s?stas? ???µ?t?v d??ta ??sto? ?a? ?a?a?t???sµ?? a?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o???? s?stas? ???µ?t?v d??ta ??sto? ?a? ?a?a?t???sµ?? a?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o???? s?stas? ???µ?t?v d??ta ??sto? ?a? ?a?a?t???sµ?? a?t?v (Folk et al. 1970) ???o?o???? s?stas? ???µ?t?v d??ta ??sto? ?a? ?a?a?t???sµ?? a?t?v (Folk et al. 1970)
?e??µa ??f?de? ?µµo? I??? I? ?????o? ? ?at??o??a
I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 II-1 II-2 II-3 II-3' II-4 II-5 II-6 II-7 III-1 III-1' III-2 III-2' III-2'' 27,8 37,5 1,2 0,7 9,0 61,8 62,9 59,1 69,4 65,7 56,1 83,6 65,5 67,0 91,7 88,1 90,6 88,0 81,8 82,4 68,1 76,4 20,1 24,9 22,6 27,3 13,4 28,5 29,0 5,9 4,4 12,2 18,9 7,6 10,4 6,4 7,1 11,3 8,6 17,0 16,0 8,0 7,0 3,0 6,0 4,0 6,0 5,0 6,0 13,0 16,0 5,9 1,2 1,6 2,8 3,9 8,8 4,5 4,7 7,2 12,9 1,0 0,9 7,8 2,0 9,6 1,4 0,5 gmS mS mS zS zS msG zS zS zS (g)S mS S (g)mS zS gS mS cS
I? I????????o?, ? ?µµo?/(I????????o?) ?
I???/?????o?.
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
?edoµ?va ?s??s?? (t?µ?? ?.ß.) ?edoµ?va ?s??s?? (t?µ?? ?.ß.) ?edoµ?va ?s??s?? (t?µ?? ?.ß.) ?edoµ?va ?s??s?? (t?µ?? ?.ß.) ?edoµ?va ?s??s?? (t?µ?? ?.ß.) ?edoµ?va ?s??s?? (t?µ?? ?.ß.) ?edoµ?va ?s??s?? (t?µ?? ?.ß.) ?edoµ?va ?s??s?? (t?µ?? ?.ß.)
?e??µa ??o???e? ?µµo? I??? I? ?????o? ? ?at??o??a
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18,5 6,0 38,5 14,5 26,0 64,0 42,5 75,5 46,0 24,5 57,5 66,5 33,5 48,0 16,0 12,5 39,5 21,5 37,5 35,0 30,5 18,5 27,5 21,0 65,0 5,0 12,0 3,0 16,5 2,0 12,0 0,5 39,0 5,0 19,0