The Effects of the Prophet (pbuh)

1
Sunna and Hadiths

• The Effects of the Prophet (pbuh)

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Sunna

• Contains the prophets wants and deeds. His words,
  deeds and habitual practicesa pattern of
  behavior.
• Hadith
• Literary form of the Sunna. Being new and
  occurring, taking place, coming to pass. When
  referred to Muhammad and his companions it became
  tradition.

http//www.cmeis.cam.ac.uk/hadithsingle.jpg
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Parts of the Hadith
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Hadith Relayed
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Classification of Hadith
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The Sharia

• The Watering Hole

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Hudud and Tazirat

• Hudud
• Are punishments based on the Quran or Sunna
  (divinely specified)
• Tazirat
• Are punishments left to the discretion of the
  judge.

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Hudud

• Theft
• Amputation of hand
• Fornication
• 100 lashes
• Adultery
• Stoning to death
• False accusation of unchastity
• 80 lashes
• Wine Drinking
• 40 lashes (Imam Shafi) 80 for others

9
Schools of Law

• Jurisprudence within Islam
• fiqh

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Sunni Schools of Law

• There are Four Sunni schools of Jurisprudence

• Abu Hanifa d. 767
• The Hanifite School
• Malik ibn Anas d. 795
• The Maliki School
• Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafii d. 819
• The Shafii School
• Ahmad Hanbal d. 855
• The Hanbali School

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The Hanifite School

• This is the Abu Hanifa Mosque in Baghdad

• The School of Opinion It relies heavily on
  reason and Hanifa argued that reason should be
  the principal method by which interpretations
  should be made. This particular school is popular
  in Central and Western Asia (from Afghanistan to
  Turkey), Lower Egypt (Cairo and the Delta) and
  the Indian subcontinent.

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The Maliki School

• This is the signature of Malik ibn Anas

• The School of Tradition It rejects free reason
  and emphasized the Hadith alone should guide the
  Muslim in all matters.

http//www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/malik2.jpg
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The Shafii School

• This is the mausoleum of Muhammad ibn Idris
  al-Shafii.

• The Foundations of Jurisprudence This school
  was founded by the greatest single legal scholar
  in Islamic history, Muhammad ibn Idris
  al-Shafii. This well traveled scholar developed
  the standard for Islamic jurisprudence. For him
  it was
• Quran
• Sunna
• Ijma (consensus of the community)
• Qiyas (analogy)

http//www.discoverislamicart.org/images/ssmall/mo
numents/isl/eg/1/6/1.jpg
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The Hanbali School

• This is the signature of Ahmad ibn Hanbal

• The Rightly Guided This school believes that
  only the Quran and the Hadiths can truly guide
  the believer. The school is extremely
  conservative and has spawned a rather
  fundamentalist school.

http//krawattenknoten.files.wordpress.com/2007/11
/ahmad-bin-hanbaljpg.jpg
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Shiite Schools
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Shiite Jurisprudence

• Shrine of the Hidden Imam

• Zaydis
• The Ismailis
• Ithna-asharis
• Aka Twelvers
• Aka Imamis

http//philae.sas.upenn.edu/Arabic/Arab20.gif
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Twelver Shiite Jurisprudence

• Shaikh al-Bufi (d. 1022)
• Quran
• Shiite tradition
• Reason
• Ijma (consensus) when agreed with Imam
• Rejected analogy
• Sharif al-Murtada (d. 1024)
• Quran
• Traditions
• Rejected reason and One informer
• al-Hasan at-Tusi (d. 1067) aka Shaikah at-Taifa
  (Sheikh of the Community)
• Accepted traditions with one informer but had to
  be Shiite.

• Called Twelvers because hey believe that the
  Prophet was followed by 12 Imams.

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Tafseer

• Exegesis

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Exegete

• Muslim scholars

• Science of the Content of Revelation
• Science of the Mecca and Medina Verses
• Science of Abrogation
• Science of Reputations of the Transmitters of the
  text.

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The Five Principles

• The categories of Acts

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The Five Principles - ahkam

• There are five categories of acts in Islam
• fard or wajib
• obligatory
• mustahabb sunna, masnun, or mandub
• recommended
• mubah or jaiz
• permissible
• makruh
• hated
• haram
• prohibited

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fard or wajib

• Duties and acts required by all Muslims

• Iranian embassy in South Africa

http//www.iranembassy-sa.org.za/images/pic36.jpg
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sunna, masnun, mandub or mustahabb

• Duties and acts that are recommended but not
  required.

• A little boy praying

http//bariisiyobasto.wordpress.com/2007/09/29/
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jaiz or mubah

• Indifferent actions

• Aisha, an American Muslim child.

http//sisteraishah.com/kylie-sleeping-subhanallah
.jpg
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makruh

• Actions that are disapproved but not punished.

• Two boys of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz people in
  Russia eating horse meat.

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haram

• Actions that are both forbidden and punished.

• To the left pork sausage (haram) and to the right
  chicken sausage (halal).

http//www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/83_f
older/83_articles/83_islamic.html