CHAPTER 5 GROUP DYNAMICS

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CHAPTER 5GROUP DYNAMICS
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Group

• two or more people who interact on the basis of
  shared social structure and who recognize mutual
  dependency (Brinkerhoff, p. 101).

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Groups can be distinguished from

• Crowds people who are temporarily clustered
  together.
• Categories people who share a characteristic
  (p. 101).

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Social Processes are the forms of interaction
through which people relate to one another they
are the dynamic aspects of society (p. 98)
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Four Types of Social Processes

• Exchange
• Cooperation
• Competition
• Conflict

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Exchange is voluntary interaction from which all
parties expect some reward (Brinkerhoff, p. 98).
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Norm of reciprocity the expectation that
people will return favors and strive to maintain
a balance of obligation in social relationships
(p. 98).
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Cooperation is interaction that occurs when
people work together to achieve shared goals (p.
99)
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Competition is a struggle over scarce resources
that is regulated by shared rules (p. 99).
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Conflict is a struggle over scarce resources
that is not regulated by shared rules (p. 100)
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Primary groups are characterized by intimate,
face-to-face interaction (p. 101).
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Secondary groups are formal, large, and
impersonal (p. 102)
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TIES

• Strong ties are relationships characterized by
  intimacy, emotional intensity, and sharing.
• Weak ties are relationships with friends,
  acquaintances, and kin that are characterized by
  low intensity and intimacy (p. 108).

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Complex organizations are large, formal
organizations with complex status networks (p.
115)
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Webers Characteristics of Bureaucracy (p. 115-16)

• Division of labor and specialization
• Hierarchy of authority
• Rules and regulations
• Impersonal relationships
• Careers, tenure, and technical qualifications
• Efficiency

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Criticisms of Bureaucracy (p. 117)

• Ritualism
• Alienation
• Structured Inequality