History of Cinema in america

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History of Cinema in america
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Origins

• 1873 - Muybridge creates a series of clips of
  horse running to settle bet with Leland Stanford.
  First multi-shot series of frames.
• 1888 - Eastman invents Kodak portable camera
  with film on paper. Also Edison (yes the
  inventor) attempts to put series of photos into a
  moving pict. but fails
• 1891 - Edison steals idea from French inventor
  Marey to make a Kinetograph camera and
  Kinetoscope viewing box and Dickson and Edison
  create Black Maria Motion picture studio in 1893
• 1894 - The Lumiere brothers in France. Louis and
  Auguste design a camera which serves as both a
  recording device and a projecting device. They
  call it the Cinématographe
• The Cinématographe uses flexible film cut into
  35mm wide strips and used an intermittent
  mechanism modeled on the sewing machine.
• The camera shot films at sixteen frames per
  second (rather than the forty six which Edison
  used), this became the standard film rate for
  nearly 25 years.

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American Origins

• 1899 The American Mutoscope Company changes its
  name to the American Mutoscope and Biograph
  Company to include its projection and peepshow
  devices. In 1908 they hire the most important
  American Silent film director D.W. Griffith
• 1903 - Edisons company creates The Great Train
  Robbery. One of first westerns and very powerful
  and popular.
• 1903- Hollywood officially became a city
• 1906 The worlds first feature-length film at 70
  minutes in length, The Story of the Kelly Gang
  premiered in Melbourne, Australia. (not American
  but Important)
• 1908 - Adverntures of Dollie Griffiths first
  of over 450 short films that established DW
  Griffith as the premiere director of serious film
• The first real horror film, William Selig's
  16-minute Dr Jekyll Mr Hyde, was premiered in
  Chicago.

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D.W. Griffith
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Silent Film Giants

• Star System invented by Carl Laemmle touted
  performers as stars
• Ben Turpin becomes first star mentioned in NY
  times and first actor to be called that followed
  by Vitagraph Girl Florence Lawrence.
• 1907-14 -Tom Mix and Bronco Billy became the most
  popular format in westerns and the most
  recognizable star.
• 1912 -Canadian Mack Sennett formed Keystone Film
  studios to make comedies with the Keystone cops
  and introduced Fattie Arbuckle, Charlie Chaplin,
  and later Laurel and Hardy
• 1914 - Chaplin starred in his first feature for
  Sennett called Tillies Punctured Romance,
  establishing his Little Tramp character as the
  most popular star in the world for the next 20
  years.

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• 1915-1916 - Griffiths Intollerance and Birth of
  a Nation set standards for film-making which are
  still emulated today.
• 1918 -Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie
  Chaplin, DW Griffith form United Artists to try
  to control their own works.
• Big stars of the silent era were Fairbanks,
  Pickford, Theada Bera, Paulette Goddard, Rudolph
  Valentino, Gloria Swanson, Clara Bow. Lon Chaney,
  William S Hart, Tom Mix, John Gilbert, Lillian
  Gish, Jean Harlow, WC Fields, Fattie Arbuckle,
  Buster Keaton, Harry Landon, Harold Lloyd, Mabel
  Norman, Norma Shearer, Greta Garbo, John, Ethel,
  and Lionel Barrymore, just to name a few.
• 1919 - Walt Disney and UB Iworks begin their
  animation studios.
• 1922 - MPAA set up to counter government
  censoring by trying to censor themselves in the
  industry in response to Hays Act.
• 1922 - Nosferatu - German expressionistic vampire
  film is first Dracula telling. A very influential
  cinematic breakthrough.
• 1923 -Cecil B Demille makes the first of his two
  Ten Commandment movies ( the other in 56) both
  were the most expensive of their eras.

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Buster Keaton
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Chaplin in Gold Rush
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Doglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford
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• 1924 - First MGM feature
• 1925 - Universal begins with what it became most
  famous for - Phantom of the Opera with Lon
  Chaney, the first of many horror films like the
  Frankenstein Dracula and Wolfman films that
  follow.
• 1927 - End of silent era with the production of
  The Jazz Singer with vaudeville star Al Jolson
• 1926-27- three foreign influencial film makers
  and their silent films
• Abel Ganz - Napoleon
• Fritz Lang - Metropolis
• Eisensteins - Potemkin

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Lon Chaney Phantom Of the opera
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Al Jolson in Jazz Singer
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Steamboat Willie
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The Golden Age 1929-1956

• First Academy Awards in 1929 and honored films
  from 1927 and 28
• The major studios ran Hollywood under the star
  contract system. Actors belonged to their
  studios
• Major studios were RKO, MGM, Paramount,
  Universal, Warner Bros., Fox, United Artists.
• 1929 - MGM- First musical A Broadway Melody
• 1929 - Cocoanuts - First Marx Brothers Film with
  music
• 1929 - Hitchcocks first sound film Blackmail
• 1930s - Warner Bros. moved into gangster genre
  with Edward G. Robinson, James Cagney and
  Humphrey Bogart

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Landmark Films of the 30s

• 1932Universal - Frankenstein, Dracula etc.
• 1933 -45- Shirley Temple was huge child star
  during depression
• 1933- Warners' producer Leon Schlesinger
  assembled the 'gods of animation', including Tex
  Avery, Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng, and Bob
  Clampett to create Looney Tunes.
• 1932- Tarzan the Ape Man series MGM
• 1933 - King Kong, Gold Diggers of 1933, Howard
  Hughes Public Enemy, Red Dust, and Hells
  Angels, Mae West and WC Fields She Done Him
  Wrong
• 1934 - Capras It Happened One Night, John
  Fords The World Moves On.

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It Happened One Night- Capra
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Shirley Temple- Biggest star of the Depression
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Johnny Weismuller and Maureen OSullivan in
Tarzan Films
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1930s cont.

• Hitchcock establishes fame with The 39 Steps and
  The Lady Vanishes
• Modern Times (Chaplin), Snow White and the Seven
  Dwarves, Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney films,
  Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers films, Clark Gable
  and Jean Harlow, Spencer Tracy won two academy
  awards and began long relationship on film with
  Katherine Hepburn,
• 1939 is often called the greatest year in film
  history!!!
• Gone With the Wind, Wizard of Oz, Hunchback of
  Notre Dame, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington,
  Ninotchka, Stagecoach, Wuthering Heights, You
  Cant Take it With You, French classic by
  Renoir Rules of the Game, Dark Victory, Beau
  Geste, Angels Have Wings, Gunga Din, Of Mice and
  Men, The Women, Young Abe Lincoln just to name
  the most important films of that year...all of
  them classics

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1939- films greatest year
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1940s

• 41- Pinochio and Fantasia from Disney, Bing
  Crosbie and Bob Hope Road films, Hitchcocks
  Rebecca and Foreign Corresponodent, John Fords
  Grapes of Wrath, Chaplins The Great Dictator,
  Howard Hawks, His Girl Friday, Citizen Kane,
  Betty Davis and Barbara Stanwyk were leading
  ladies in women oriented features,
• 42 - Casa Blanca, Black Actor Paul Robeson fights
  for better roles for Blacks, The Magnificent
  Ambersons, Errol Flynn hero films like Robin Hood
  and The Sea Hawk
• 43- 47 - House UnAmerican Activites Commission
  formed and aimed at Hollywood left wingers,
  Disneys Song of the South Never released on DVD
  because of stereotyping of Blacks, The Best Years
  of Our Lives, The Actors Studio in New York was
  founded by Elia Kazan and Lee Strasberg. Lawrence
  Olivier of England was first non-American to win
  Oscar for directing himself in Hamlet, On the
  Town
• WWII has big effect on film industry. John Wayne
  Gary Cooper, Clark Gable, Jimmy Stewart, Cary
  Grant, Spencer Tracy raise for war bonds

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The Great Dictator
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1950s

• The sales of Televisions has effect on film
  industry.
• Hollywood ten convicted by HUAC. Many in
  Hollywood opposed to McCarthy.
• Kurosawa begins his incredible career as premiere
  Japanese film maker. Much copied by later film
  makers.
• Jimmy Stewart obtains personal contract to make
  Winchester 73 and Harvey which breaks studio
  monopoly on actors.
• Films like Sunset Blvd. and All About Eve exposed
  curruption of the studio system.
• The Day the Earth Stood Still addressed the new
  fear of nuclear disaster.
• A Streetcar Named Desire wins 3 Academy Awards
  and introduces a new acting style to film with
  Marlon Brandos performance who lost the Oscar to
  Bogart in John Hustons African Queen.

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Streetcar Named Desire ByTennessee
WilliamsDirected by Elia Kazanwith Marlon
Brando and Vivien Lee
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Bogart and Hepburn In African Queen Directed by
John Huston
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Still More 50s

• Singin in the Rain and An American in Paris in
  1952, Other important films Shane, Invasion of
  the Body Snatchers, From Here to Eternity, White
  Christmas, On the Waterfront, (Brando gets his
  Oscar) Roger Corman begins his B movie factory
  which will create many directors and actors of
  the 50s and 60s., Herbert Ross films with
  Doris Day, Rock Hudson, James Garner. Marty,
  Vertigo, Touch of Evil, Ben Hur, Gigi, The Ten
  Commandments, Abbot and Costello and Dean Martin
  and Jerry Lewis comedies, Disneys Old Yeller,
  Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Cleopatra
• James Dean makes East of Eden, Rebel Without a
  Cause, and Giant then dies in a car crash.
• Ingmar Bergman, great Swedish film maker begins
  his career with The Seventh Seal.

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James Dean
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The 60s

• 1960- 65 Hitchcock Psycho, Stanley Kubric, Dalton
  Trumbo Spartacus, Billy Wilders The Apartment
  was last B/W film to win oscar until Schindlers
  List in 93, (61) West Side Story, Breakfast at
  Tiffanys, Marilyn Monroe emerges in a number of
  films like Some like it Hot as an iconic sex
  goddess as does Sophia Loren and Bridgit Bardot,
  James Bond Films begin, Cinerama was developed
  for films like How the West was Won and The
  Brothers Grimm. Beach movies of Annette
  Funicello and Frankie Avalon, The Beatles A Hard
  Days Night in 64, Elvis Movies, John Wayne
  movies, The Sound of Music, The Pawnbroker (first
  bared breast) Whos Afraid of Virginia Wolfe,
• 1965 - Woody Allen begins his film making career
  with Whats up Tiger Lily
• Sidney Poitier wins Oscar for Lillies of the
  Field (First African American best actor)
• Stanley Kubrik begins his Career as independant
  auteur of film with Dr Strangelove or How I
  Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, 2001
  A Space Odyssey, A Clockwork Orange
• Hays code is challenged as more and more films
  seek an adult audience with adult written
  material.
• Sergio Leoni begins his Speghetti Western series
  with Fistful of Dollars

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60s continued

• Anti - establishment films emerge in late 60s
  Bonnie and Clyde, The Graduate, The Trip, Pink
  Flamingos, In the Heat of the Night, In Cold
  Blood, 2001 a Space Odyssey, Night of the Living
  Dead ( George Romero), Planet of the Apes
  (series), Midnight Cowboy,
• Motion picture rating codes developed.
• John Cassavetes makes films on his own to become
  father of independant film makers.
• Sam Peckinpah defines the concept of death and
  gore as an art form in The Wild Bunch and other
  films of the 70s (influenced Tarantino, Scorcese
  and John Woo)
• Blaxploitation films like Shaft went after the
  African American audience.
• Woodstock the festival and the film changed
  documentary making.

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Bonnie and Clyde
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The 1970s - new Blood

• Patton, Disaster Films, Love Story, ,Five Easy
  Pieces, Easy Rider, The Last Picture Show, Dirty
  Harry Films, A Clockwork Orange, Jaws, Star Wars,
  American Graffitti, Last Tango in Paris, The
  Exorcist, Texas Chainsaw Massacre, Network,
  Saturday Night Fever, Annie Hall, Grease, Deer
  Hunter, Halloween series begins, Animal House,
  The China Syndrome, Alien, Butch Cassidy and The
  Sundance Kid, Cool Hand Luke
• Francis Ford Coppolas - The Godfather and The
  Godfather Pt. II, Apocolypse Now
• Robert Altman - Begins a long and independant
  film career with McCabe and Mrs. Miller,
  Nashville,
• Stephen Spielberg - Jaws, Close Encounters of the
  Third Kind, ET, Shindelers List etc.
• Stanley Kubric - 2001, Clockwork Orange, The
  Shining,
• Roman Polanskis - Chinatown, Rosemarys Baby

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Francis Ford Coppola
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Modern Cinema Trends

• Independent films are the most adventurous from
  Tarantino, Kaufman, the Coen Brothers and others
  but old timers still rule like Eastwood,
  Scorcese, and Barry Levinson,
• Titanic is biggest box office of all time till
  Avatar
• Sequels are box office necessities for action
  films and blockbusters, comic book hero movies
  sell big
• Teen exploitation films are popular fare for
  young audiences from Will Farrell,Ben Stiller,
  Owen Wilson etc......
• Film keeps looking for more and more action and
  gimmicks like Imax and 3D to draw audiences into
  the theaters.
• Technology makes fantasy films like Harry Potter
  and Lord of the Rings, Pirates of the Caribbean
  possible.

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AFI 100 greatest quotes pt.1
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100 famous movie quotes pt.2