Climate Change and Ozone Loss

1
(No Transcript)
2
Climate Change and Ozone Loss
Climate Change Review session
Brian Kaestner and Dr. Richard Clements
3
Key Concepts

• How does the Earths climate fluctuate

• What factors affect climate

• What are the possible effects of global warming

• What can humans do about potential climate change

4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
Past Climate Change

• Past globaltemperatures

• Recent trends in global temperatures

7
Average temperature over past 900,000 years
17
16
15
14
Average surface temperature (C)
13
12
11
10
9
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
Present
Thousands of years ago
8
Temperature change over past 22,000 years
2
1
0
-1
End of last ice age
Temperature change (C)
-2
-3
-4
-5
20,000
10,000
2,000
1,000
200
100
Now
Years ago
9
Temperature change over past 1,000 years
1.0
0.5
0.0
Temperature change (C)
-0.5
-1.0
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2101
Year
10
Average temperature over past 130 years
15.0
14.8
14.6
14.4
Average surface temperature (C)
14.2
14.0
13.8
13.6
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2020
Year
11
The Natural Greenhouse Effect

• Greenhouse gases

• Greenhouse effect

12
380
360
340
320
300
Concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
(ppm)
280
Carbon dioxide
260
240
2.5
220
0
200
Variation of temperature (C) from current level
2.5
180
5.0
7.5
Temperature change
10.0
End of last ice age
160
120
80
40
0
Thousands of years before present
13
410
360
Parts per million
310
260
1800
1900
2000
2100
Year
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
14
2.4
1.8
Parts per million
1.2
0.6
1800
1900
2000
2100
Year
Methane (CH4)
15
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
250
200
Index (1900 100)
150
100
1990
2000
2025
2050
2075
2100
Year
16
Human Activities and Earths Climate
Action -Increased use of fossil fuels
-Deforestation
Causes Global warming
Leads to -Melting icecaps and glaciers
-Coral reef bleaching
17
Projecting Future Changes in Earths Climate

• Climate models

• Apparent influence of human activities

• Could be natural changes

18
Factors Affecting Changes in Earths Average
Temperature

• Changes in solar output

• Changes in Earths albedo

• Moderating effect of oceans

• Clouds and water vapor

• Air pollution

19
Antarctica
20
(No Transcript)
21
Todays sea level
0
0
Height below present sea level (feet)
Height above or below present sea level (meters)
130
426
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Years before present
Present
22
Climate zones Move 60-90 miles Per 1Degree C
Tree species Can migrate About 5 miles Per decade
Present range
Future range
Overlap
23
Some Possible Effects of a Warmer World
24
Develop crops that need less water
Waste less water
Move hazardous material storage tanks away from
coast
Prohibit new construction on low-lying coastal
areas
Stockpile 1 to 5 year supply of key foods
Expand existing wildlife reserves toward poles
Connect wildlife reserves with corridors
25
Solutions Dealing with the Threat of Climate
Change
Options

• Do nothing

• Do more research

• Act now to reduce risks