Daily Life in Early America

1
Daily Life in Early America

• Chapter 6.3

2
Creating a Democratic Society

• During Jeffersons presidency, nationalism, a
  feeling of pride in a nation and loyalty to its
  goals, spread throughout the country.
• Many Americans came to believe a strong democracy
  depended on education.
• The success of public schools in Massachusetts
  and Philadelphia increased demands for a
  nationwide system of public schools.

3

• A religious revival known as the Second Great
  Awakening stressed the equality of all believers
  before God and the promise of salvation for all
  who believed.
• Many African Americans formed their own churches
  and denominations at this time.

4
What was the effect of the Second Great Awakening?

• It gave people the determination to better their
  lives and society as a whole.
• Citizens influenced by the Awakening joined
  movements to end slavery, curb drinking, and
  advance education.

5
An American Culture

• American writers began using settings and
  characters that were typically American.
• Washington Irving wrote The Sketch Book, a
  collection of short stories set in America.
• James Fenimore Cooper wrote novels about American
  folk-heroes.
• William Cullen Bryant wrote poems about nature.

6

• American artists began focusing on American
  subjects.
• George Caleb Bingham painted fur traders,
  riverboat workers, and political speakers.
• George Catlin painted scenes of Native American
  daily life.
• Thomas Doughty painted views of the Catskill
  Mountains.

7

• Americans developed their own forms of music and
  instruments, such as banjos and pianos.
• Stephen C. Foster composed songs about the
  American South.

8

• American architects created their own forms of
  building based on classical Greek and Roman
  styles.
• These styles became the models for public
  buildings.

9
What inspired both William Cullen Bryant and
Thomas Doughty?

• Both were inspired by the natural beauty of
  American landscape.

There have been holy men who hid themselves Deep
in the woody wilderness, and gave Their lives to
thought and prayer, till they outlived The
generation born with them, nor seemed Less aged
than the hoary trees and rocks Around them
-William Cullen Bryant
10
A Rural Nation

• People in the North lived in villages and towns,
  with farm communities on the outskirts.
• Farming was the major economic activity in the
  North.

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• People in the South lived on widely separated
  farms, and their economy depended on slavery.
• Slavery set the South apart from the rest of the
  country.
• Planters, or large landowners, became the Souths
  economic and social leaders.
• They began farming cotton as a cash crop.
• It was very successful and the growth of the
  textile industry led to increased demand for
  enslaved people to work in the cotton fields.

12

• Most enslaved people worked on farms and
  plantations.
• Enslaved men generally worked in the fields, and
  enslaved women generally performed housekeeping
  chores.
• Some enslaved people worked in the Souths towns
  and cities as coach drivers, household servants,
  and artisans.

13

• More Americans began living in cities. Cities in
  the North were booming.
• The South had fewer towns and cities.
• Mills and factories in the North grew in the
  1800s, and the rise in industry increased the gap
  between the rich and the poor.
• Wealthy merchants controlled urban economic and
  social life.
• A middle class of artisans, shopkeepers, and
  professionals had some prosperity.
• A growing working class had to struggle to
  survive.

14

• Northern cities drew many free African Americans.
  
• Although many Northerners opposed slavery, free
  African Americans faced many barriers to full
  equality.

15
What hardships did free African Americans face in
the North?

• They were excluded from white churches, only a
  few had voting rights, a few owned property, and
  African American children were excluded from
  schools.

16
Westward Movement

• Settlers moved West to escape growing populations
  and taxes in the East and to claim new land.
• Settlers cut down trees to build log cabins and
  clear land for farming.

17

• Pioneers met with many struggles on the frontier,
  including an uncertain climate, limited supplies,
  crops that failed, loneliness, and difficult
  transportation conditions.

18

• Westward-moving settlers came into conflict with
  Native Americans, who developed ways to resist
  and survive the settlers.
• Some Native Americans, such as the Cherokee,
  tried to adjust peacefully. Sequoya developed
  symbols to represent the Cherokee language. Many
  Cherokee learned to read and write.

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How did the Cherokee try to adjust to life with
settlers?

• The Cherokee adopted laws and a constitution
  patterned after those of American states, they
  accepted Christianity, and many settled down as
  farmers, mill owners, and shopkeepers.
• They did this in hopes of preventing further loss
  of land and defending their freedom.

20
Match the description to the term

1. Washington Irving
2. James Fenimore Cooper
3. George Caleb Bingham
4. Stephen Foster
5. Monticello

1. Jeffersons home, in the classical style
2. wrote about American folk heroes
3. artist who painted American people and landscapes
4. wrote The Sketch Book
5. created uniquely American melodies

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• 6. A strong spirit of ________________________ ,
  a feeling of pride in the nation, emerged during
  Jeffersons time in office.
• 7. During the early 1800s, Americans began to
  develop a unique_____________________, including
  forms of literature, painting, music, and
  architecture.
• 8. What was the major economic activity in both
  the North and South in the early 1800s?
• 9. What struggles did free blacks face in
  northern cities?
• 10. The rise of industries in the North created a
  growing ____________________ whose members often
  struggled to survive.