The Race to the New World

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The Race to the New World
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Why search for new lands?

• A. Reasons
• 1. Space
• a. growth of population
• b. Food runs out/need new land
• 2. Fame and Fortune
• a. 700-1000 A.D. Vikings
• b. 982 Eric the Red
• c. 1001 Leif to Vinland

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3. How do we Know?

• a. sagas
• b. map
• c. LAnse Aux Meadows
• d. carbon dating
• e. archaeology-nail

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B. Pull of Religion

• 1. Life in the Middle Ages
• a. most lived on manors
• b. serfs

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2. Feudalism-Rule by lords.

• a. King
• b. Lords
• c. Knights
• d. Peasants

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3. The Church- Roman Catholic

• a. mission to save souls-spread Christianity
• b. Pope leads the Church
• i. Pope, Cardinals, Bishops/Monsignor, friar Tuck

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4. Free the Holy Land

• a. 1071 Seljuk Turks capture Jerusalem
• b. They are Muslim-follow the teachings of
  Mohammad-Allah
• c. 1095 Pope Urban II -Peace of God-Christians
  stop fighting Christians free Holy Land
• d. CrusadeHoly WarJihad
• e. Competition to save souls

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II. Effects of the Crusades on Exploration

• A. Mixture of Cultures
• 1. Crusades expand Europeans knowledge
• a. spices
• b. trade
• c. sailing

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• 2. Ptolemys book
• a. Greek Scholar
• b. World is round
• c. latitude and longitude

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• 3. Inventions
• a. Astrolabe-Position by stars
• b. magnetic compass- true north
• c. caravel- tacking

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III. Where to go for new lands?

• A. Marco Polo
• 1. Genoa in Italy
• 2. 1270 travels with pop to China
• 3. riches of the silk road
• 4. Italy has claim

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C. Impact of the Renaissance on Exploration

• 1. Prince Henry the Navigator
• a. school for navigation at Sagres Portugal
• b. patronage
• c. collect ancient and new knowledge in one place

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B. Portuguese

• 1. School for sailing
• 2. 1488 Bartolomeau Dias- Cape of Good Hope
• 3. 1497 Vasco Da Gama India

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C. Christopher Columbus

• 1. October 12, 1492- West Indies.
• 2. A success?
• a. First?
• b. Indies? Indians?
• 3. Importance
• a. opens the floodgate of European exploration of
  the new world

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IV. The Race is on.

• A. Participants
• 1. Portugal
• a. First out of the gate
• b. Dias 1488
• c. Cabral 1500
• 2. Spain
• a. Christopher 1492
• b. Balboa 1513

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• 3. England
• a. Cabot 1497
• 4. France
• a. Verazano 1524
• 5. The Netherlands
• a. Hudson 1609

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B. Reasons

• 1. New route to the riches of Indies
• a. West Indies- Columbus mistake
• b mythical northwest passage
• 2. New Lands
• a. resources

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B. Renaissance

• 1. Return to the light of Rome
• 2. Civilization-1455-Gutenbergs Movable type-
  Bible
• 3. Nation States
• 4. Period of Learning

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• 3. Religion
• a. save souls
• b. line of demarcation
• c. religious freedom / escape persecution

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C. Rivalries

• 1. Country vs. Country
• a. England vs. Spain
• b. Sea Dogs
• 1588 Spanish Armada
• 2. Church vs. Church
• a. 1517 Reformation
• b. Catholic vs. Protestant