The Post-WWI World

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Americas Europe Africa Asia Middle East
United States congress does not agrees to join League of nations Depression hits Latin American cash crops fall in price Spread of socialist and communist ideas Fear of future wars Mexican revolution part II for peasant land redistribution Roosevelt corollary continues Versailles treaty leaves out Central powers. France and Great Britain wishes to punish Germany. Europe suffers from Great depression because of War costs. Russia signs omitted because of Communist Revolution 1917. Ottoman and Austria-Hungary divided into new territories (self-determination) lost generation leads to fear of future wars Rise of totalitarian dictators (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Franco) Many promised independence if they fought for their colonizers (did not get it) . Taught them how to kill white people Inspired nationalist sentiment which would eventually lead to decolonization after WWII Many given mandate or protectorate status after war Many were at the Versailles conference but received nothing Colonization will continue India and Viet Nam would gain nationalist ambitions but would not see independence until after the second war. Japan recognized as a player which would eventually cede territories in the South Pacific which once belonged to Germany. Inspires imperialist ambitions. China disregarded and created civil chaos and May fourth movement (unintended) to inspire students to fight for more rights (like the 1989 Tiananmen square protests) Saudi Arabia the only independent nation from the Ottoman Empire which gains popular sovereignty Most become British or French Mandates (technically still under their control) because of oils in region Balfour Declaration (British promise of an independent Jewish homeland) fuels Zionism (not realized until 1948) Sykes-Picot agreement (secret agreement between France and Great Britain to create an independent Palestine) unfulfilled but continued Pan-Arab nationalism
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The Post-WWI World
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The End of WWI End of Death?

• War ends November 1918
• Casualties disrupt European societies- France
  Serbia 10
• Spanish Flu pandemic 1918-1919 killed 20-40
  million (more than Black Death)
• US had over 600,000 dead, India 12.5 million
• Flu most deadly ages 20-40
• Why did flu spread so rapidly?

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The End of WWI

• Russia embroiled in brutal civil war between
  Bolsheviks (Reds) and anti-Bolsheviks (Whites)
• Britain, France, US, and Japan send troops to
  Russia mixed motives

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Results of Treaty

• Billions in reparations
• Occupation of Rhineland
• Occupation of Industrial areas
• Germany - Weimar Republic
• New European states carved out of Germany,
  Russia, and Austro-Hungarian Empire

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Post-War Europe

• Wilsons failure League of Nations
• League of Nations
• US Senate does not ratify Treaty
• Wilson suffers stroke- power?
• Italy- Libya and Ethiopia
• Japan- Manchuria
• Differences with UN?

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Asia

• Japan gains Germanys Asian colonies
• German Samoa taken by Australia/NZ
• China declared war on Germany in 1917- gains
  nothing
• Japan demands more from China- Nationalist
  Chinese making gains
• Ho Chi Minh seeks Vietnamese independence
• Self-determination only for Europe?

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The Middle East

• The Ottoman Empire disintegrated- New Turkish
  state 1923
• Arabs helped Allies in return for promises of
  independence- monarchies of Saudi Arabia, Iraq,
  and Iran created by Britain
• Remaining Ottoman lands divided between Britain
  and France
• Balfour declaration (1917) gives support for a
  Jewish state

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India (South Asia)

• Indian troops saw action on side of allies in
  Africa, Middle East, and the Western Front
• Hoped wartime participation would lead to
  self-government
• British refusal to give up India led to rise of
  Indian nationalists (Gandhi)

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Africa

• Change of ownership of colonies
• Service of colonial troops in WWI leads to
  demands for freedom
• Rise of nationalist groups

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The Great Depression Laying the Groundwork
(1920s)

• War-induced inflation
• Overproduction lower prices
• Colonial overproduction decreased demand for
  manufactured goods
• Protectionism tariffs, closed markets

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The Great Depression Stock Market Crash

• October 1929- NY stock market crashed
• European loans called in
• US European banks fail
• Investment funds dry up
• Industrial production falls accompanied by
  unemployment and lower wages

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The Great Depression World Impact

• Russia
• Communist Russia protected from depression due to
  isolation from world
• Rapid, forced industrial growth (5 Year Plans)

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The Great Depression World Impact

• Latin America
• Decline in exports caused high unemployment
• Stimulated greater government direction of
  economies

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The Great Depression World Impact

• Japan
• Dependent on exports to pay for raw materials
• Severe unemployment (3 million)
• Value of exports drop 50 percent
• Depression increased suspicion of the West and
  spurred expansion into Asia to secure additional
  markets