In the East

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In the East
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Japan Builds an Empire

• Great Depression affected industry in Japan.
• 1930s Fascist leader Tojo rises to power in
  Japan.

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The Manchurian Incident

• Japan needed raw materials and food.
• Invade Manchuria (Northern China) in 1931 to get
  it

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1937 - Japan invades China

• Japan wants to conquer all of China
• Invades treats Chinese terribly
• Rape of Nanking
• 300,000 non-combatants executed
• 20,000 women raped

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1940 Japan finds new allies

• Germany and Italy
• The Axis Powers

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The situation in the Pacific

• America stopped trading with Japan claiming
  neutrality
• No more oil to Japan

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America The Sleeping Giant

• Japan makes plans to attack the US pacific fleet,
  claim US and British territories for natural
  resources
• America is a sleeping giant. Once awakened, his
  wrath will by mighty.
• Yamamoto

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Japanese Empire
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Pearl Harbor

• Half the US pacific fleet is there in December
• Japanese surprise attack on December 7th at 700am

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Pearl Harbor
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December 7, 1941

• By 945 the attack was over.
• 2,400 lives lost
• 1,200 injured
• 200 warplanes destroyed
• 18 warships sunk or heavily damaged
• 8 of the nine battleships of the fleet.
• BUT the carriers were at sea

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America Enters the War
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Winning the War

• The end of WWII

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Allied Counterattack

• Most of the fighting is now occurring on the
  Russian front.
• Urban fighting street to street and house to
  house
• Germany stopped at Battle for Stalingrad
• Russians then advance

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Stalingrad 1942

• Hitler wanted to cut off supplies to Stalingrad
• Stalin ordered all troops to hold positions,
  saying that anyone retreating would be killed
• Hitler refuses to allow his soldiers to retreat
• Eventually, 91,000 Germans surrender (only 5,000
  survive)

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Death, death, and death

• Stalingrad hosted the bloodiest battle in world
  history with over 3 million casualties
• Leading killers included Vassili Zaitsev, a
  Russian sniper with 242 verified kills

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Fighting a Multi-Front War

• Allies attack in Africa, Italy, and the Middle
  East
• Engage Italians and German Afrikakorps

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Battling in North Africa

• US forces did not fare well up against German
  force causing 7,000 casualties and losing 200
  tanks
• Eventually, the Axis forces were trapped at
  Tunisia, and forced to surrender due to the
  Allies superior supply chains
• Nearly ¼ of a million Axis soldiers surrendered

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Invading Europe

• June 6, 1944
• Invasion planned to liberate France
• 1.3 million Americans
• 600,000 British
• Canadians, French, and Polish
• Land on the Beaches of Normandy
• Allies win start pushing towards Germany

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Fighting Continues at Normandy

• Allies broke through the German lines
• Moved inland, pushing back the enemy
• Germans counterattacked at the Battle of the
  Bulge in December 1944
• American general, George Patton turned the
  Germans back.
• Patton was the most outstanding general during
  the invasion of France.

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War in the Pacific

• Japan controlled Hong Kong, Thailand, Guam, Wake,
  Burma, Malaysia
• Japanese troops landed in the Philippines after
  bombing Pearl Harbor.
• Forced Americans to surrender
• General Douglas McArthur promised the people of
  the Philippines, I shall return.

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Bataan Death March

• FDR orders MacArthur to Australia
• The Philippines fall
• American/Filipino POWs forced to march 60 miles
  without food or water
• Thousands die

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Battle of Coral Sea

• Off the coast of Australia
• Completely an aerial battle between planes
  launched from carriers (first time in history)
• No clear winner in the battle but the U.S. did
  block the invasion of Australia

Plane-to-plane combat at the Battle of Coral Sea.
This was the first completely aerial battle
ever
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Battle of Midway

• Naval battle around Midway Island in the Central
  Pacific
• U.S. destroyed 4 Japanese carriers and 250 planes
• Turning point in the war
• America began to retake Japanese-occupied islands

American Dive Bomber in action at the Battle of
Midway June 1942
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American Island Hopping

• The Americans used Island Hopping They would
  capture lightly-defended islands throughout the
  Pacific, one by one, until they had hopped
  their way towards Japan
• This would get the U.S. within striking distance
  of Japan allow the U.S. to set up bases at all
  of the conquered islands along the way

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Battle of Guadalcanal

• August 1942 Americans win first major LAND
  victory on the island of Guadalcanal
• U.S. used Navajo Indians as Code-talkers
• Helped the U.S. communicate safely without the
  Japanese translating messages

A Navajo Code-Talker in action
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The Navajo Language

• Only about 25 non-Navajo people in the entire
  world could speak the language
• Made up words for terms that didnt exist in
  their language (names of birds meant airplanes
  and the word egg actually meant bomb)

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Americans re-take the Philippines

• October 1944 American returned to the
  Philippines after Island Hopping our way there
• General MacArthur made good on his promise to
  return to the Philippines

Gen. MacArthur returning to the Philippines
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Japanese Kamikazes

• As American forces neared Japan, the Japanese
  needed a new weapon
• Filled planes full of explosives and crashed them
  into Allied warships
• 49 Allied ships sunk

Kamikaze attack on a U.S. aircraft carrier
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The Battles of Iwo Jima andOkinawa

• The Allies started to bomb Japan to weaken their
  defenses
• In order to get close enough, the Allies would
  have to establish bases on islands near Japan
• Japanese forces would defend these islands
  fiercely

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Iwo Jima

• 23,000 U.S. troops killed or wounded in order to
  take Iwo Jima
• Victory marked by the raising of the U.S. flag
  atop Mt. Suribachi

Marines raising the flag on Mt. Suribachi at the
Battle of Iwo Jima
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Battle of Okinawa

• Japanese defend island fiercely
• Last hurdle before U.S. would invade Japan
• Mass-suicide by Japanese started to make the U.S.
  wonder will they ever surrender?

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The Allies Meet

• Americans and British from the West
• Russians from the East
• May 1945 Allied troops from the east and west met
  near Berlin, the German capital
• Hitler had killed himself.
• Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945
• End of the War in Europe

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A Secret Weapon

• President Truman found out former President
  Roosevelt had allowed the development of the
  Atomic Bomb
• The most powerful bomb the world had ever known.
• Summer of 1945, the atomic bomb was ready.

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U.S. uses the atomic bombs

• President Truman warned Japan to either surrender
  or else face complete destruction
• Japan refused
• U.S. drops bombs on Hiroshima (70,000 killed) and
  Nagasaki (40,000 killed)
• Japan surrenders five days later

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The Sky Explodes

• August 6, 1945, the American bomber, Enola Gay
  dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
• A flash like an exploding Sun
• Mushroom shaped cloud rose from the city
• Killed over 75,000 civilians
• Japan still DID NOT SURRENDER!

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The Second Bomb

• August 9, 1945, the United States dropped the
  second bomb on Japan.
• Nagasaki.
• Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945
• V-J Day or Victory over Japan Day.
• World War II was FINALLY over!
• Over 15 million soldiers died in the fighting.