?????? ????? ???????? WATER RELATIONSHIP IN SOILS

1
?????? ????? ????????WATER RELATIONSHIP IN SOILS
????? ??????
2
????? ????? ??????? Soil Moisture Content

• ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????
• ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????
  ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????.
• ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????
  ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
  ?????.
• ???? ????? ??? Evapotranspiration .

3
(No Transcript)
4

• ???
• ?f??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????.
• ?i??????? ??????? ????????? (??????).
• m???? ??? ???? ?????? , v ???? ??? ???? ?????.
• ?w ????? ????? 1000 ??? ?-3.
• ?b ??????? ???????? ?????.
• D ?????.

5
??? ???? ??????? ???????
6
??????? ???????Gravimetric Method

• ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????
  ??????.
• ????? ????? ????? ????? (Wm).
• ???? ?? ????? ??? 105 ? ? ???? 24 ????.
• ???? ????? ????? ????? (Wd).
• ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???
  ????? (Ww).

• ?????? ??? ???????
• ????? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????.
• ???? ???????
• ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????.
• ????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ????.
• ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????.

7
????? ???????? ???????? Electrical Resistance
Method

• ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? Porous
  Blocks ?? ?????? ????? .Gypsum Blocks
• ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????
  ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????
  ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??
  ?????.
• ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? (1 ? ???????
  ???????) ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????.

8
?????? ???????

• ????? ??? ????? ?????.
• ??? ?????? ??????.
• ???? ??????? ????? ???????.

• ???? ???????
• ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? .
• ????? ??? ??? ?????
• ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
  ????? .

9
????? ?????? ????????? Neutron Scattering Method

• ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? Fast
  neutrons ????? ?? ???? ??? (????? ?? ???? ??????
  ?????????).
• ??? ?????????? ???? slowed or thermalized ??????
  ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????.
• ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????
  ???? ?????? .detector
• ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ? ???? ???
  ?????? Neutron Probe .

10
?????? ???????

• ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????.
• ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????
  ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????
  ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? .
• ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? .
• ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??
• ?v ( Rs / Rstd ) ( b j )
  
• ??? (??????? ????????) Rstd ?? ???? ???? ???????
  Shield ?????? ???? ??? ? Rs ?? ???? ???? ??????
  (????? ?????? ??????) ? b, j ????? ???????? ?
  ?????? ???????.
• ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??? ???????
  ????? ? ????? ???? ????? ??????? .
• ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  ??????? ??????? .

11
???? ???????

• ?????? ??? ????? ? ???? ????????? ????????
  ??????.
• ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???
  ???? ????? ??? ???? water table ???? ?? ??? ?????
  .
• ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??
  ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??
  ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????
  ??? ????????? .

12
??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????

• ??? ???? ? ???? ? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????
  ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????.
• ???????? ????? ???????????? Ultra sonic ?? ?????
  ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???.
• ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????????
  ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????
  ? ??????.

13
????? ???????

• ???? ?????? Saturation percent (S)
• ????? ??????? Field capacity (FC)
• ??????? ???????(ME) Moisture equivalent
• ???? ??????(WP) Wilting point
• ????? ??????(AW) Available water

14
???? ?????? Saturation percent

• ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????
  ???????.
• ???? ???? ????? ?????.
• ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????
  ?????????
• ?????? ?????? ??? 25 60 ??? ???? ?????.
• ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? (35 45 ) ??????
  ??????? 50 ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ???
  60 ?? ???? ????? ???????.

15
????? ??????? Field capacity

• ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???
  ??? ????? ???? ??? (??? ????? ??????) ? ???? ????
  ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????
  ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????
  ?????.
• ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? -10 ??? -33 ?
  ?????? ??? ?????? -10 ? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ? ?????? -33 ? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????
  ??????.
• ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?
  ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?
  ?????? ??????.
• ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?
  ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????
  ??????? ? ???? ????? ???.

16
??????? ??????? Moisture equivalent

• ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ???? 24 ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???
  ????? ????? 1000 ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????
  ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? 2440 ??? ?
  ???? ???? ????? ?????.
• ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????.
• ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
  ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
  ?????? (???????) ? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
  ?????? (???????).
• ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? .

17
???? ?????? Wilting point

• ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ??? ????? ??????.
• ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??
  ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? .
• ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? -1500
  ? ?????? ?? (15 ???) ??? ???? ???? ??????
  ???????? .Permanent wilting point
• ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????
  ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???
  ???? ??????? ??????? ??????.

18
????? ?????? Available water

• ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? .
• AW FC - PWP
• ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????.
• ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ( ??? ????? ??? ????
  ?????? ? ????? ??????? ) ???? ????? ? ?? ??????
  ??? ?????? .
• ????? ??????? (??? ???? ?????? ????????) ????
  ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ????? .

19

• ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????
  ?????? ???????? PWP
• ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????
  ??????? ????? ?c ???? ?? PWP ?? ???????? ???????
  
• AW FC PWP FC - ?c
• ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????
  ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????.
• ? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????
  ???????? ???????? ??

SP 2 FC 4 PWP
20

• ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????