Unit 2 Species Interactions, Succession and Biomes

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Unit 2 Species Interactions, Succession and
Biomes

• Chp 4

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A community has many interacting species. These
interactions are called symbioses.

• Predator-prey ( , -)
• Mimicry (copycat)
• Plant-herbivore (form of predation)
• Parasitism (Ecto and Endo parasites)
• Competition
• Mutualism ( , )
• Commensalism ( , 0 )

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Succession

• Fires, Floods, Landslides, Hurricanes, and
  Volcanic eruptions can cause ecological
  succession
• Over time the life changes in stages.
• Primary succession area that has NOT supported
  life(bare rock or sand dune).
• Secondary succession replacement of species over
  time following a disruption.
• Pioneer species are the first to develop.

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Climax Community

• A stable end point of succession is called a
  Climax Community.
• This remains constant for long periods of time.

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Terrestrial Ecosystems

• BIOMES are very large terrestrial ecosystems
  that contain a number of smaller but related
  ecosystems within them.
• There are seven major biomes characterized by
  significant plant and animal life, climate,
  rainfall,etc.

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Biomes

• TUNDRA
• Cold and treeless
• Largest and northernmost biome
• Permafrostpermanently frozen layer of soil.
• Little rain, short growing season
• Grasses,mosses,caribou,snowy owls, arctic foxes,
  and snowshoe hares

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Taiga

• Forest, cone-bearing trees, firs, hemlocks
• Long and cold winters
• Short summers
• Low-nutrient soil
• Moose, Bears, Wolves, most hibrenate 6-8 months
  of the year.

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Temperate Deciduous Forest

• Tress that lose their leaves in the fall
• Even precipitation through the seasons
• Birch, Elm, Oak, and Willow trees
• Deer, Fox, Raccoon, Squirrell

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Temperate Grassland

• Little rainfall
• Rich fertile soil
• Large herds of grazing animals
• Much of the area is used for growing crops

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Deserts

• Less than 9.9inches of rain per year
• Hot days and cold nights
• Animals and plants have adaptations to conserve
  water
• Cacti, Lizards, Snakes

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Savannas

• Tropical or subtropical grasslands with scattered
  trees and shrubs
• Support many herbivoreszebras, giraffes,
  gazelles
• Periods of drought alternate with periods of rain

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Tropical Rain Forest

• Very tall trees
• Abundant rainfall
• Canopy is high tree tops that shade the forest
  floor
• Epiphytes live on these tall tress (but not
  parasites)
• Contain the most species, most diverse

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