Fiber Optic Backbones

1
Fiber Optic Backbones
Presented to
Presented by
2

• In its simplest terms, fiber optics is a medium
  for
• carrying information from one point to another
  in the
• form of light. Unlike the copper form of
  transmission,
• fiber optics is not electrical in nature.

• A basic fiber optic system consists of a
  transmitting
• device, which generates the light signal an
  optical fiber
• cable, which carries the light and a
  receiver, which
• accepts the light signal transmitted. The
  fiber itself is
• passive and does not contain any active,
  generative
• properties

3
Today fiber optics is either the dominant medium
or a logical choice for every communication
system.

• Fiber enhances the reliability of networks while
  simultaneously increasing transport capacity.
• Telcos (Phone Cable) use fiber to connect all
  their central offices and long distance switches
  because it has thousands of times the bandwidth
  of copper wire and can carry signals hundreds of
  times further before needing a repeater
• Copper wire has limitations and is susceptible to
  interference. Fiber Optics has virtually
  unlimited potential and is immune to
  electromagnetic radiation (EMR).
• Security is greatly enhanced due to immunity from
  EMR

4
Similarities

• Both types of fiber are 125 microns in outside
  diameter
• Both types of fiber are composed of thin strands
  of highly transparent glass
• Both types of fiber use infrared wavelengths
  which are outside the visible spectrum

Fiber Optics
5
Types of Fiber Optics? Single-mode Multi-mode
Differences Multimode
Differences Singlemode

• Light travels in the core in
• many rays, called modes
• LED sources at wavelengths of
• 850 and 1300 nm
• Bigger core (Almost always
• 62.5 microns)
• Currently Most common LAN
• fiber - Used only for short
• distances and inside buildings

• Fiber shrinks the core down so small
• that the light can only travel in one ray
• This increases the bandwidth to almost
• infinity
• Laser sources at 1300 and 1550 nm
• Small Core ( 9 microns)
• Currently Used for Long Distances
• applications and outside plant

Singlemode
Multimode
6
Underground Construction 50,000 per mile for a
96 fiber cable Overhead Construction 35,000
per mile for a 96 fiber cable

7
Installation Types (Underground vs. Overhead)

• Advantages/Disadvantages of Underground
  Installation
• No Annually Recurring Pole Attachment Fees
• Initial Construction Costs higher
• Rodents are a problem (Pulled conduit or armored
  cable can relieve issue)
• Earthquakes

• Advantages/Disadvantages of Overhead Installation
• Initial Construction Costs less expensive than
  underground construction
• Annually Recurring Pole Attachment Fees (15-45
  per pole per year)
• Ice Storms
• 4. Tornados

8

• Fiber to the Curb (FTTC). Depends on copper
  wires or coaxial cable for last mile delivery
• Fiber to the Node (FTTN). Depends on copper wires
  or coaxial cable for last mile delivery

9

• Hybrid fiber coaxial networks (HFC) Depends on
  copper wires or coaxial cable for last mile
  delivery
• Fiber to the Premises (FTTP). Fiber optic
  communications delivery in which the fiber is run
  directly into the premises

10

• Active Optical Network (AON). Relies on active
  electronic equipment to distribute a signal.
• Each signal leaving the Central Office is for
  that particular customers use

11
(PON) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the
premises network architecture in which unpowered
optical splitters are used to enable a single
optical fiber to serve multiple premises

• PON vs. Point to Point Switched Ethernet
• 80 to 85 of all FTTH deployments in North
  America are PON
• GPON (ITU standard) versus GE-PON (IEEE standard
  )
• BPON or GPON, V/s GE-PON

12

• PONStandardsBPON
• Defined in ITU G.939.3
• ATM Protocol
• 622 Mb/s Downstream
• 155 Mb/s Upstream
• 20 KM max from CO/HE to subscriber

• PONStandardsEPON
• Defined in IEEE 802.3ah
• Ethernet Protocol
• 1.25 Gb/s Downstream
• 1.25 Gb/s Upstream
• 20 KM max from CO/HE to subscriber

• PONStandardsGPON
• Defined in ITU G.984.2
• ATM or Ethernet (GEM) Protocol
• 2.488 Gb/s Downstream
• 1.244 Gb/s Upstream
• 20 KM max from CO/HE to subscriber

13

• Optical signal distributed from a central office
  from an optical network. At the customer premises
  optical network terminals (ONTs) convert the
  optical signal into a electrical signal

14
Have two fibers but need more, Technology exists
to multiplex fibers from one fiber up to 32
fibers with minimal db loss.
15

• Provide for offsite backup
• Offset the costs for future bandwidth needs
• Provide high speed connectivity by utilizing a
  combination of proposed fiber segments and
  wireless hops
• A number of studies rank the United States from
  15th to 24th in penetration and broadband speed.

16

• The status of broadband and its impact on small
  business was the subject of a recent Senate
  hearing. FCC Commissioner Michael Copps testified
  that in many cases small businesses cant get
  connectivity and, when they can, it often is
  pricey.

SOURCE WWW.REDHERRING.COM
17
SOURCE www.voip-news.com
  MCI / Verizon Qwest Communications International Inc Sprint Covad Speakeasy Inc Global Crossing Savis Inc ATT XO
Product DSL 1.0M OFFICE PLUS MOBILE BROADBAND DEDICATED T1 DEDICATED T1 DEDICATED INTERNET ACCESS DEDICATED T1 ATT YAHOO HIGHSPEED ELITE PACKAGE BUSINESS DSL
Basic Backbone Supplied DSL DSL WiMAX T1 T1 T1 T1 DSL DSL
Down Speed Stream 1Mbps 1.5 to 7 Mbps 1 to 2 Mbps 3 Mbps, 1.5Mbps, 768 Kbps 3 Mbps, 1.5Mbps, 768 Kbps 3 Mbps, 1.5Mbps, 768 Kbps 3 Mbps, 1.5Mbps, 768 Kbps Up to 6 Mbps 1.5 Mbps
Up Speed Stream 1Mbps 869 Kbps 500 to 700 Kbps 3 Mbps, 1.5 Mbps 3 Mbps, 1.5 Mbps 3 Mbps, 1.5 Mbps 3 Mbps, 1.5 Mbps 768 Kbps 1.5 Mbps
Guaranteed Service Commitment Standard SLA NO NO Standard SLA Robust SLA Standard SLA Standard SLA NO Standard SLA
Additional Services Multiple network Can add voice Includes voice options DSL, Bonded T1 DSL, Bonded T1, VoIP options Options Scale up from T1 to OC48 and carrier grade Options Scale up from T1 to OC192 slower DSL options, faster solutions in Enterprise lineup T1 and higher options available
Comments Relatively high price Good Value WiMAX Good Range of Options Good Service and Clear Options Good Service Robust Backbone   Good value
18
Affordable High Speed information access is key
to economic development. The proposed project
will help the Cities by

• Attracting new companies into the area
• Retain existing employers
• Improve the overall Quality of life of all
  residents

19

• The connection of the 21st century
• The new economic generator
• The new infrastructure
• The new on / off ramp
• The connection to the electronic super worldwide
  highway

20
Upload speed
Download speed
Dial- Up DSL Cable Satellite Fiber Optics
45
35
40
5
0
10
15
20
30
25
SPEED (MEGABITS PER SECOND)
21
Key Issues

• Bandwidth! Bandwidth! Bandwidth!
• As a minimum, provide a fiber optic backbone for
  WI-FI back-haul.

22
HENDRICKS REGIONAL HEALTH (HRH) HOSPITAL
DANVILLE, INDIANA
23
The project was divided into three parts

• Connect all four campuses with a fiber optic
  backbone
• Connect backbone to the Data Center or Point of
  Presence (POP) for offsite backup and Internet
  access
• Procure system electronics

24
Henry Street Data Center - Point of Presence (POP)

• WORLDCOM
• GLOBAL CROSSING
• ATT
• MCLEOD
• WILLIAMS
• TIME WARNER
• QUEST

25

• Children must be given the tools to
• adequately prepare for entry into highly
• competitive global market.
• Connecting Public Libraries
• Research
• Distance Learning

26

• Improving Public Safety (POLICE)
• Monitor Parks, Traffic, Schools
• Monitor Water Treatment Plants
• Increase Coordination between various
• departments
• Hospitals
• Schools
• Fire / Water
• Government Offices
• Utilities

27

• Connect HRH sites with a High-Speed Backbone (
  10 Giga bits/sec)
• Provide High Speed data communications for
• Medical imaging
• Radiology
• Telemedicine
• MRI

28

• Most providers will only lease bandwidth
• Some providers will Build fibers at your cost,
  give you a small number of fibers and keep the
  rest

29

• Must have a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier
  License (CLEC) to be in the Public Right of Way
• Maximum IRU obtained will be 20 years, although
  the life of a fiber optic cable is 30 years
• Contract may be very restrictive

30

• State laws prohibit building fibers in the Public
  Right of Way unless you have a CLEC license
• Cannot Co-locate in central office of a telephone
  company

31

• Cannot Build your own backbone you can get a 20
  year IRU under a third party CLEC License. At
  the end of the IRU agreement the fiber reverts
  back to the original owner and the Organization
  has to then re-negotiate for use of the fiber.
• Every time you want to build a new segment of
  fiber, you will have to pay a CLEC licensed
  company for use of their license

32

• Do your home work. Some providers with excess
  fibers will lease you dark fibers
• Hire an experienced Telecommunications Attorney
• Hire an experienced consultant

33

• Co-locate agreement
• Bandwidth Purchase
• Maintenance Agreements

34
The HRH Business Model
35

• Expand existing bandwidth for present and future
  needs
• Offset costs for future bandwidth needs
• Enhance information security by providing
  off-site data storage

36

• Purchase Bandwidth or buy/install fiber optics
  for the primary communication between campuses???

37
Cost of 96 fibers vs. 12 fibers

• Construction costs identical
• Cost/mile 96 fibers _at_ .90/ft 4,752
• Cost/mile 12 fibers _at_ .41/ft 2,165
• Cost differential for 18 miles 46,566

38

• Allay construction costs by leasing spare fiber
  capacity to governmental/commercial entities
• Local governments can provide public safety and
  educational broadband access
• Commercial access to broadband can spur economic
  development
• Providing reasonable fiber optic access creates
  community good will.

39

1. HRH (Danville, IN)
2. HRH (Plainfield, IN)
3. HRH (Avon, IN)
4. HRH (Brownsburg, IN)
5. New HRH (Lizton, IN)
6. Point of Presence (Indianapolis, Indiana)

Hendricks Regional Health (Existing Fiber Optic
System)
Proposed New Fiber Optic Construction
40
How the HRH Model has become a County Wide Network
HRH BACKBONE
INDIVIDUAL TOWN BACKBONES USING HRH FOR TRANSPORT
TO POP
FUTURE CONSTRUCTION
41
How the HRH Model has become a County Wide Network
FUTURE CONSTRUCTION
Danville Fiber Optic Backbone
HRH BACKBONE
42
How the HRH Model has become a County Wide Network
Plainfield Fiber Optic Backbone
FUTURE CONSTRUCTION
HRH BACKBONE
43
Questions?