Chapter 9 The Confederation and the Constitution

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Chapter 9The Confederation and the Constitution

• AP AMERICAN HISTORY
• Mr. Taylor

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PURSUIT OF EQUALITY

• Equality was everywhere after the Revolution
• 80,000 loyalists had fled the colonies. (upper
  crust)
• Most states reduced property requirements for
  voting
• Titles were thrown out
• Trade organizations were developed- (workers)
• Primogeniture laws were thrown out
• Religious freedom and separation
• were developed- 1st anti-slavery societies
  Quakers
• Southern States maintained slavery- Special laws
  (pg 159 )
• Republican motherhood and civic virtue- (pg. 159)

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CONSTITUTION MAKING IN THE STATES

• 1776- Continental Congress called on the colonies
  to draft individual STATE constitutions.
• Contracts that defined the powers of government,
  drew authority of the people.
• Fundamental laws- could not be taken away
• Most included states BILL OF RIGHTS
• Annual elections for legislators
• Weak judicial and executive branches
• Legislatures were given sweeping powers
• State capitals moved to the interior

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PURSUIT OF EQUALITY

• Economic Crosscurrents
• States seized royal and loyalist lands. The land
  was eventually cut up into small farms and sold
• Nonimportation agreements continued
• War stimulated manufacturing in the colonies
• America now had free trade with foreign nations
• Page 161

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Creating a Confederation

• Shaky Start Toward Union
• Prospects for erecting a lasting government were
  far from bright
• Had to set-up a whole new government.
• A new type of government
• Many Americans were preaching natural rights
• Most Americans looked suspiciously at authority
• Lack of unity with the British now defeated

• Hopeful signs could be seen
• A rich political inheritance of self-rule
• 13 states had similar gov.
• Strong Political leaders
• Creating a Confederation
• 1781- 13 states ratified the Articles of
  Confederation
• Western Land Claims
• Pages 163-64
• ASSIGN PARTNER ASSIGNMENT- The Articles of
  Confederation The Challenge of Sovereignty

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ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

• NO EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• ONLY STATE COURTS
• CLUMSY CONGRESS
• CONGRESS- EACH STATE HAD ONE VOTE
• ALL NEW LAWS NEEDED 9 VOTES
• ANY AMENDMENT NEEDED 13 VOTES
• NO POWER TO REGULATE COMMERCE
• NO POWER TO TAX
• STATES WERE SOVERIGN OVER THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

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Landmarks In Land Laws

• Land Ordinance of 1785
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787
• How to become a state

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The Worlds Ugly Duckling

• Foreign Relations remained troublesome
• Britain refused to make a commercial treaty with
  the U.S.
• Britain tried to annex Vermont.
• Britain continued to hold a chain of forts and
  trading posts on U.S. soil
• Spain closed New Orleans to American commerce
• Spain claimed some land north of Florida
• France demanded payments of debt
• Barbary Pirates in North Africa and American
  trade

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HORRID SPECTER OF ANARCHY

• Some states were refusing to pay any taxes.
• States were quarreling over
• Boundries
• Tariffs
• Embargos
• Etc.
• Shays Rebellion
• Page 167

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A CONVENTION OF DEMIGODS

• 1787- Convention was called for the express
  purpose of revising the Articles of
  Confederation
• 55 delegates from 12 states Philadelphia
• Sessions were held in secret (pg 169)
• Most were lawyers and had written state
  constitutions
• Washington was elected chairman
• James Madison- Father of the Constitution
• Alexander Hamilton
• Read Patriots in Philadelphia

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A BUNDLE OF COMPROMISES170-172

• Virginia Plan vs New Jersey Plan
• Compromise of the electoral college
• Compromise over the counting of slaves
• Compromise over the slave trade.
• Explain the issue
• Explain the conflict
• Explain the Compromise
• List the areas that the delegates agreed upon

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SAFEGUARDS FOR CONSERVATISM

• Areas of agreement
• Sound money
• Protection of Private Property
• Strong Central Government
• 3 Branches of gov.
• System of checks and balances
• Manhood sufferage democracy was something to be
  feared.

• ERECTED SAFEGUARDS AGAINST THE DEMOCRATIC MOB
• Federal judges were appointed for life
• President was indirectly elected
• Senators were chosen, not elected
• House of Rep. was the only part of the federal
  government elected by a direct vote of the
  people.
• Read page 172

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Federalist vs Antifederalist

• ANTI-FEDERALISTS
• Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee
• Poorest classes- Plot of the upper crust to steal
  the power of the common man
• Feared a strong central govt.
• Constitution was anti-democratic
• Sovereignty of the states was being destroyed
• No Bill of Right, Individual rights would be
  trampled
• Ratification would only take two-thirds of the
  states

• FEDERALISTS
• George Washington and Benjamin Franklin
• Lived in settled areas along the eastern seaboard
• Wealthy, educated and better organized
• They controlled the press
• Supported the Constitution and a strong central
  govt.
• Did not have faith in the common man
• John Jay, Alexnader Hamilton and James Madison
  and the Federalist Papers.

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• Quakers
• Slavery
• Equality
• State Const.- Annual elections
• Western Land Claims
• Powers of the Articles of Confederation
• Shays Rebellion
• Constitutional Convention-Goal

• James Madison
• Great Compromise
• Electoral College-
• House-elected directly
• Antifederalist greatest fear

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• Foreign Policy
• Proclamation of Neutrality-1793 (199)
• Citizen Genet-1793 (199)
• Washingtons Farewell Address- 1796 (200)
• XYZ Affair-1797 (203)
• Louisiana Purchase- 1803 (221)
• Chesapeake Affair- 1807 (226)
• Embargo Act- 1807 (226)
• Madisons War Message-1812 (231)
• Hartford Convention- 1814-15 (237)
• Treaty of Ghent- 1814 (236)

• Domestic Affairs
• Funding the debt- (193)
• Bank of the U.S.- Hamilton and Jefferson- (195)
• Whiskey Excise Tax- (194)
• Tariffs- (194)
• Political Parties- (196)
• Sedition Act- (205)
• Panic of 1819- (243)
• Missouri Compromise- (247)
• Tariff of Abominations- (262-263)
• Trail of Tears- (265)
• Texas Revolution- (275-280)

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Chapter 17 Questionspages 375-376, 382-387

• Could the United States have accepted a
  permanently independent Texas? Why or why not?
• What were the causes and consequences of the
  Mexican War?
• Congressman Abraham Lincoln opposed the Mexican
  War as an unjust war of aggression against
  Americas neighbor. What arguments would support
  that view? What arguments might challenge that
  view?
• How did the Texas issue affect the 1844
  presidential campaign?